14 Deep Brain Stimulation



10.1055/b-0040-176503

14 Deep Brain Stimulation

Ryan F. Amidon, Christ Ordookhanian, and Paul E. Kaloostian

14.1 Symptoms and Signs




  • Chronic headaches



  • Difficulty in movement



  • Memory or concentration deficiency



  • Depression or anxiety



  • Behavioral tics



  • Seizures



  • Memory deficiency



14.2 Surgical Pathology




  • Cranial benign/malignant movement disorder



  • Cranial benign/malignant psychiatric condition



  • Cranial benign/malignant trauma



14.3 Diagnostic Modalities




  • Physical examination



  • Neurological examination



  • PET scan of brain



  • CT scan of brain



  • MRI of brain



14.4 Differential Diagnosis




  • Movement disorders




    • Dystonia



    • Parkinson’s disease



    • Essential tremor



  • Psychiatric conditions (still under study)




    • Obsessive-compulsive disorder



    • Depression (major)



    • Addiction



    • Dementia



    • Schizophrenia



  • Huntington’s disease (still under study)



  • Multiple sclerosis (still under study)



  • Tourette syndrome (still under study)



  • Stroke recovery (still under study)



  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) (still under study)



14.5 Treatment Options




  • Acute pain control with medications and pain management



  • Therapy and rehabilitation




    • Physiatry



    • Occupational therapy



    • Physical therapy



    • Speech pathology



    • Neuropsychology



    • Rehabilitation nursing



    • Recreational therapy



  • If symptomatic and no improvement after nonoperative management:




    • Deep brain stimulation (implanting electrodes in brain to regulate abnormal impulses and brain activity)




      • Amount of stimulation controlled by pacemaker-like device under skin in upper chest (a subcutaneous wire connects this device to electrodes in brain)

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May 15, 2020 | Posted by in NEUROSURGERY | Comments Off on 14 Deep Brain Stimulation

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