Fumitaka Yoshioka, Maria Peris-Celda, and Ken Matsushima
Fig. 24.1. Cranial base, superior view.The cerebral hemispheres have been removed. Fig. 24.2. Superior view of the anterior cranial fossa and part of the middle cranial fossa.Fig. 24.3. The middle cranial fossa on the right side, superior view.The dura mater has been removed. Fig. 24.4. Anterior and middle cranial fossae, superior view.The anterior cranial fossa bone has been removed with a drill to expose the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses and the orbit on the right side. The dura mater has been resected on the right side. Fig. 24.5. Middle cranial fossa on the right side, superior view.The bone has been partially removed with a drill to expose the carotid artery, internal and middle ear structures, and the vestibulocochlear, intermediate and facial nerves. The anterior semicircular canal is also known as superior semicircular canal. Fig. 24.6. Enlarged view of the dissection in Fig. 24.5.The facial nerve has been retracted laterally in the internal acoustic meatus to expose the cochlear nerve. Fig. 24.7. Middle cranial fossa on the right side, superior view.The floor of the middle fossa has been completely removed on the anterior part to expose the infratemporal fossa contents. Fig. 24.8. Middle cranial fossa on the right side, superior view.The trigeminal ganglion has been retracted laterally to expose the petrous part of the internal carotid artery medial to it. Fig. 24.9. Middle cranial fossa and parasellar area on the right side, lateral view.Fig. 24.10. Middle cranial fossa on the right side, lateral view.The dura mater has been removed to expose the trigeminal ganglion and cavernous sinus. Fig. 24.11. Middle cranial fossa on the right side, lateral view.The cavernous sinus has been exposed, and the anterior clinoid process has been removed. The sphenoidal sinus has been opened. The floor of the middle fossa has been removed to expose the infratemporal fossa. Fig. 24.12. Enlarged view of the motor and sensory roots of the trigeminal nerve, lateral view, right side.Fig. 24.13. Overview of the middle cranial fossa, right side.The maxillary nerve has been retracted laterally to visualize the nerve of the pterygoid canal through the opened sphenoidal sinus. Fig. 24.14. Enlarged lateral view of the sellar and parasellar areas, right side.Fig. 24.15. Overview of the sellar and parasellar areas, right side.The trigeminal ganglion has been retracted laterally to expose the petrolingual and petrosphenoidal ligaments. (*Note: the petrolingual and petrosphenoidal ligaments do not have equivalents in International Anatomical Terminology.) Fig. 24.16. Lateral view of the right pterygopalatine fossa through the middle fossa after removal of the middle fossa floor.Fig. 24.17. Lateral view of the right pterygopalatine fossa through the middle fossa.Detail of the nerve of the pterygoid canal. The maxillary nerve has been retracted superiorly. Fig. 24.18. Posterior cranial fossa, posterior view of the brainstem and spinal cord.The cerebellum has been removed. Fig. 24.19. Posterior cranial fossa, posterior view of the brainstem and spinal cord.Part of the medulla has been removed to expose the clival surface and the right vertebral artery. Fig. 24.20. Posterior fossa, posterior oblique view of the right side.Cranial nerves III to XII are exposed. Fig. 24.21. Posterior fossa, posterior view.Part of the brainstem and the spinal cord have been removed to expose the cranial nerves and vascular structures. Fig. 24.22. Posterior fossa, posterior view.Enlarged view of the lower cranial nerves on the left side. Fig. 24.23. Upper part of the posterior fossa, posterior view.The brainstem has been almost completely removed to expose the basilar artery and cranial nerves. Fig. 24.24. Lower part of the posterior fossa, posterior view.The brainstem has been removed. Fig. 24.25. Posterior fossa and craniocervical junction, posterior view.The brainstem has been removed. Fig. 24.26. Posterior fossa and craniocervical junction, posterior view.The dura mater has been partially removed. The tectorial membrane is exposed on the left side and has been removed on the right side to expose the cruciate ligament. Fig. 24.27. Craniocervical junction, posterior view.The dura mater and tectorial membrane have been removed to expose the cruciate ligament. Fig. 24.28. Craniocervical junction, posterior view.The cruciate ligament has been removed on the left side. Fig. 24.29. Craniocervical junction, posterior view.Further dissection provides exposure of the dens on the left side, and the apical and alar ligaments. Fig. 24.30. Craniocervical junction, posterior view.The dens is completely exposed. Fig. 24.31. Craniocervical junction, posterior view.The left part of the dens has been removed with a drill. Fig. 24.32. Craniocervical junction, posterior view.The dens, anterior arch of C1, and part of the body of C2 have been removed. The pharynx can be visualized.
Only gold members can continue reading. Log In or Register to continue
