Fig. 1
Subject wearing the sleep position trainer
Results
Thirty-one patients were enrolled ((27 males); mean age 48.1 ± 11.0 years; mean body mass index 27.0 ± 3.7 kg m−2). The compliance rate was 100 % with a median use of 6.1 h per night (range, 4.1–8.6) over all nights observed. The polysomnographic and clinical characteristics of patients at baseline and after 1 month of SPT are shown in Table 1. As the results show, the total AHI but also the AHI in supine position as well as the percentage of sleep time spent in supine position, desaturation index, apnea index and ESS score presented significant decrease, whereas minimum oxygen desaturation, the percentage of sleep time spent in non-supine position and FOSQ score exhibited significant increase. Sleep efficiency did not change significantly. Individual values of the apnea–hypopnoea index, the percentage of time spent in supine position and ESS and FOSQ scores at baseline and after 1 month of positional therapy are shown in Table 2.
Table 1
Polysomnographic and clinical variables of the study group at baseline and after 1 month of SPT therapy (n = 31)
Baseline | After SPT | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 48.1 ± 11.0 | ||
Male sex, % | 87.1 | ||
BMI | 27.0 ± 3.7 | 27.4 ± 4.0 | 0.387 |
Compliance rate, % | 100.0 | ||
AHI, events/h | 16.4 [6.6–29.9] | 5.2 [0.5–46.5] | <0.001 |
AHI in supine, events/h | 35.7 [9.3–81.0] | 0.0 [0.0–100.7] | <0.001 |
AHI in non-supine, events/h | 3.2 [0.0–16.2] | 4.3 [0.1–48.0] | 0.052 |
Average oxygen saturation, % | 95.1 ± 1.4 | 95.5 ± 1.6 | 0.101 |
Minimum oxygen desaturation, % | 84.5 ± 4.1 | 88.4 ± 3.6 | <0.001 |
Desaturation index, events/h | 11.2 [2.2–22.4] | 5.2 [0.9–39.6] | <0.001 |
Apnea index, events/h | 10.4 [1.0–26.3] | 2.5 [0.0–21.3] | <0.001 |
Arousal index, events/h | 6.1 [0.0–28.4] | 5.5 [0.0–22.8] | 0.289 |
Number of awakenings | 4.0 [0.0–60.0] | 3.0 [0.0–10.0] | 0.323 |
Total sleep time, min | 456 ± 76 | 429 ± 87 | 0.187 |
N2 sleep/total sleep time, % | 52.0 ± 8.7 | 50.0 ± 12.1 | 0.322 |
N3 sleep/total sleep time, % | 22.4 ± 9.8 | 21.7 ± 7.7 | 0.618 |
REM sleep/total sleep time, % | 19.5 ± 5.6 | 20.9 ± 6.4 | 0.364 |
Sleep efficiency, % | 89.1 [61.1–99.7] | 89.4 [58.0–98.6] | 0.544 |
Percentage supine | 49.9 [20.4–77.3] | 0.0 [0.0–48.7] | <0.001 |
Percentage non-supine position | 50.1 [22.7–79.6] | 100.0 [51.3–100.0] | <0.001 |
ESS score | 11 [2–20] | 9 [0–19] | 0.004 |
FOSQ core | 86.0 ± 22.1 | 93.8 ± 21.7 | 0.001 |
Table 2
Individual values of apnea–hypopnoea index, percentage of supine position and Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores of all patients at baseline and after 1 month of SPT therapy
Patient no | AHI | % supine position | ESS | FOSQ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | After SPT | Baseline | After SPT | Baseline | After SPT | Baseline | After SPT | |
1 | 6.6 | 3.3 | 63.6 | 12.0 | 19 | 19 | 88 | 88 |
2 | 12.1 | 5.2 | 20.5 | 0.0 | 16 | 9 | 77 | 78 |
3 | 20.2 | 15.5 | 65.6 | 48.7 | 2 | 2 | 85 | 99 |
4 | 16.2 | 1.8 | 32.2 | 0.0 | 17 | 18 | 36 | 40 |
5 | 21.0 | 10.2 | 40.0 | 10.3 | 14 | 10 | 48 | 72 |
6 | 19.0 | 9.9 | 28.8 | 0.1 | 11 | 5 | 90 | 111 |
7 | 20.8 | 15.4 | 24.1 | 2.7 | 18 | 19 | 71 | 62 |
8 | 11.0 | 10.1 | 40.5 | 0.0 | 12 | 13 | 84 | 92 |
9 | 21.0 | 16.0 | 56.0 | 0.0 | 10 | 7 | 101 | 101 |
10 | 11.7 | 4.3 | 77.3 | 0.0 | 12 | 12 | 97 | 97 |
11 | 10.4 | 0.5 | 28.7 | 0.0 | 17 | 3 | 108 | 118 |
12 | 13.4 | 4.5 | 70.4 | 1.3 | 4 | 4 | 111 | 116 |
13 | 24.0 | 3.5 | 59.0 | 0.0 | 6 | 3 | 91 | 101 |
14 | 23.4 | 9.6 | 33.5 | 0.0 | 15 | 14 | 66 | 74 |
15 | 14.5 | 6.9 | 21.4 | 0.0 | 3 | 3 | 119 | 119 |
16 | 16.2 | 7.6 | 49.9 | 7.5 | 15 | 13 | 63 | 86 |
17 | 27.5 | 4.7 | 54.5 | 8.8 | 5 | 1 | 75 | 80 |
18 | 11.8 | 3.1 | 20.4 | 0.0 | 9 | 10 | 73 | 76 |
19 | 18.3 | 48.4 | 21.4 | 4.0 | 8 | 4 | 90 | 74 |
20 | 16.0 | 19.5 | 43.8 | 1.0 | 7 | 8 | 112 | 120 |
21 | 11.9 | 3.3 | 57.3 | 0.0 | 20 | 16 | 82 | 114 |
22 | 29.8 | 1.9 | 50.7 | 0.4 | 18 | 9 | 55 | 99 |
23 | 29.9 | 8.8 | 21.2 | 9.2 | 12 | 13 | 64 | 75 |
24 | 11.1 | 6.9 | 71.1 | 0.0 | 9 | 12 | 59 | 56 |
25 | 6.8 | 4.9 | 33.9 | 0.0 | 5 | 0 | 118 | 109 |
26 | 21.2 | 2.1 | 59.5 | 11.8 | 11 | 2 | 104 | 120 |
27 | 16.6 | 5.4
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