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Anatomy and Physiology of the Biopotentials of Sleep
SHALANDA L. MITCHELL
NOTE: This chapter corresponds to Chapter 5 in Fundamentals of Sleep Technology, 2nd edition.
1. The biopotentials that are recorded during electroencephalography (EEG) are the result of:
A. Enzymatic degradation
B. Thermal consequences of metabolic activity
C. Ion movement across membranes
D. DNA to RNA transcription
2. Specialized muscle fibers in the heart carry signals from the pacemaker located in the ______________ to the muscles of the atrium and ventricles.
A. Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
B. Sinoatrial (SA) node
C. Cardioversion locus
D. Synaptic cleft
3. Proper cleaning and preparation of the skin prior to application of electrodes is essential to reduce:
A. Wheatstone bridging
B. Soiling of the electrodes
C. Risk of electrocution
D. Impedance
4. Electroencephalographic (EEG) waveforms are categorized based on wave shape, location on the scalp, amplitude, and:
A. Impedance
B. Size of the voltage recorded
C. Sleep stage
D. Frequency
5. Which electroencephalographic (EEG) waveform is seen during relaxed wakefulness with the eyes closed?
A. Sawtooth waves
B. Theta waves
C. Alpha waves
D. Occipital slow waves of youth
6. If there is damage to the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart rate can be regulated by the atrioventricular (AV) node or the bundle of His. When this happens, the heart rate is typically:
A. Slower
B. Irregular
C. Faster
D. Irregularly irregular
7. The P wave represents:
A. Activity of the parietal cortex
B. Depolarization of the cardiac atria
C. Activation of thalamocortical loops
D. Pulmonary artery distention
8. Gas exchange in the lung takes place in the:
A. Trachea
B. Bronchus
C. Alveolar sacs
D. Respiratory bronchioles
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