Staining method

Pathology

Hematoxylin–eosin (HE)

Evaluation of muscle fiber size and shape, vascular and nerve structures, infiltrates, general histology (Fig. 9.1)

Gomori trichrome

Detection of ragged red fibers (mitochondrial dysfunction, Fig. 9.2), rimmed vacuoles (inclusion bodies, Fig. 9.3)

Oil red O

Evaluation of lipid deposition (Fig. 9.4)

Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS)

Glycogen deposition

Acid phosphatase

Lysosomal enzyme, indicative of degenerative changes of muscle fibers

Cytochrome C oxidase (COX)

Mitochondrial enzyme (Fig. 9.6)

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)

Mitochondrial enzyme

ATPase

Differentiation between type I and type II muscle fibers;.ber type grouping (Fig. 9.7)

NADH-tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR)

Enzyme in mitochondria, T tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum, target fibers

Fig. 9.1 Histology of normal muscle (HE stain). The section shows muscle fibers of normal size and shape, and normal vascular and nerve structures. Infiltrates are absent.

Fig. 9.2

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