Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology

JON W. ATKINSON

NOTE: This chapter corresponds to Chapter 8 in Fundamentals of Sleep Technology, 2nd edition.

For questions 1 to 4, use Figure 5-1 to match the heart chamber to its function:

Figure 5-1 Adapted from WPClipart.com.

1.	Chamber labeled “A”	A.	Receive deoxygenated blood from the body
2.	Chamber labeled “B”	B.	Send deoxygenated blood to the lungs
3.	Chamber labeled “C”	C.	Receive oxygenated blood from the lungs
4.	Chamber labeled “D”	D.	Send oxygenated blood to the body

5. The three layers of tissue in the heart, from innermost to the surface, are:

A. Myocardium, endocardium, epicardium

B. Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

C. Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

D. Endocardium, epicardium, myocardium

6. The normal electrical conducting pathway of the heart proceeds along which of the following pathways?

A. Sinoatrial node, atrioventricular bundle, atrioventricular node, left and right bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

B. Sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle, left and right bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

C. Atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle, sinoatrial node, left and right bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

D. Purkinje fibers, left and right bundle branches, atrioventricular bundle, atrioventricular node, sinoatrial node

For questions 7 and 8: There are two phases in the cardiac cycle

7. The first phase is called ______________, which is associated with contraction of the myocardium.

8. The second phase is called ______________ and refers to the relaxation of the cardiac muscle.

9. The heart has an intrinsic mechanism for controlling its rate. This function is normally under control of the:

A. Atrioventricular (AV) node pacemaker

B. Ventricular pacemaker

C. Sinoatrial (SA) node pacemaker

10. The heart also has external neural influences on the heart rate via the autonomic nervous system. The ______________ portion of the autonomic nervous system slows the heart rate down.

11. Slowing of the heart rate is caused by the release of which neural transmitter substance?

A. Acetylcholine

B. Adenosine

C. Norepinephrine

D. Serotonin

12. The speeding up of the heart rate is caused by the influence of the ______________ portion of the autonomic nervous system.

13. This acceleration of the heart rate is caused by release of the neurotransmitter substance:

A. Acetylcholine

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