Fig. 1.1 Subarachnoid space, CSF flow, and molecular diffusion. Produced by the choroid plexus of the ventricular system (1, first and second lateral ventricles; 2, third ventricle; 3, fourth ventricle with the two lateral apertures), the CSF flows through various apertures (4, interventricular foramen, also called foramen of Monro; 5, cerebral aqueduct, also called aqueduct of Sylvius; followed by the lateral foramina of Luschka and the median foramen of Magendie) into the cisterns (6, cerebellomedullary cistern; 7, inter-peduncular cistern; 8, chiasmatic cistern; 9, ambient cistern), after which the subarachnoid space branches into a cerebral and a spinal space, and branch. Passing through these, the CSF then drains through the arachnoid villi into the venous blood.

Fig. 1.2a,b Albumin CSF/serum quotient (Q_Alb; see also Table 3.1). Threshold reference values for the age-related Q_Alb are calculated as follows: Q_Alb =(4+ age in years/15) × 10⁻³ (for ages of >5 years).

a

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