Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis
OBJECTIVES
To review the main neurological features of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX).
To discuss the clinical course and progression of CTX.
To review diagnostic criteria for CTX.
To discuss management strategies for CTX.
VIGNETTE
A 64-year-old woman was evaluated 6 years previously due to progressive gait difficulties rendering her reliant on a cane for ambulation. More recently, she had been confined to a wheelchair. She had a history of chronic diarrhea, bilateral cataract surgery in her early thirties, and “lumps” involving both Achilles tendons.
CASE SUMMARY
Our patient had a history of progressive ataxia and short-term memory impairment, and surgery for early-onset adult cataracts. On neurologic examination, she had inappropriate jocularity, mild dysarthria, muscle stretch hyperreflexia, bilateral Babinski signs, mild intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesis, a wide-base unstable gait requiring the assistance of a cane, and inability to perform tandem walking. Neuropsychological testing showed widespread neurocognitive deficits with poor attention and concentration, dyscalculia, and impaired memory.