1.  Circadian rhythms are physiologic patterns that:

2.  Provide three examples of human circadian rhythms.

3.  The ______________, also known as tau, is the length of the rhythm. It is usually very close to 24 hours.

4.  The ______________ is the magnitude of the rhythm from its peak to nadir.

5.  The ______________ refers to the circadian position at any specific instant of time.

6  Different phase markers are used depending on what type of circadian rhythm is measured. Identify the phase marker for these circadian rhythms.

CR of core temperature = ______________ and ______________ temperature

CR of hormonal rhythms = ______________, ______________, or ______________ of hormonal secretion

7.  Where is the master circadian clock located? ______________ of the ______________.

8.  Information about external lighting conditions is conveyed to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) from the:

9.  The cells in the retina responsible for light and dark information are called intrinsically photosensitive retinal ______________.

10.  The retinal ganglion cells responsible for circadian rhythm entrainment differ from cells that transmit rod and cone input to the brain for visual image formation. True or false?

11.  What pathways are thought to transmit both photic (light) and nonphotic information to the circadian clock?

12.  Secondary efferents from the hypothalamus, basal forebrain, and midline thalamus project to many brain regions. Name five of them.

13.  Over what functions, besides endocrine and body temperature regulation, does the suprachiasmatic nucleus exert control?

14.  The light–dark cycle helps to keep a person entrained to the ______________-hour cycle of the external environment.

15.  If the light–dark cycles are absent, circadian rhythms become ______________. Usually common in ______________.

16.  Phase shifting is the process of entraining rhythms to a different time. Name three circumstances where this may occur.

17.  The German term “time giver” or ______________ acts as a time cue to stimulate a resetting of circadian rhythms.

18.  A phase response curve is described as the relationship between:

19.  Explain the difference between phase delay and phase advance.

20.  SWD or shift work disorder can occur from working what types of shifts?

21.  In addition to reduced sleep quality and quantity, what are the symptoms of shift work disorder?

22.  Driving home for a night shift worker is dangerous because of what circadian phenomenon?

23.  Name five problems unrelated to sleep that shift workers can be susceptible to.

24.  What disorder is caused by rapid crossing of time zones in air travel in the east or west direction?

25.  Symptoms of jet lag disorder include:

26.  Jet lag disorder is usually transient. True or false?

27.  Exposure to inappropriately timed zeitgebers can prolong jet lag. True or false?

28.  Travel to the east is easier to adjust to than is westward travel. True or false?

29.  Phase delays occur more slowly than do phase advances. True or false?