Electrophysiological techniques, including nerve conduction and electromyography, are useful in the evaluation of weakness, paralysis, muscle atrophy, pain, numbness, tingling, burning, fatigue, stiffness, cramps, gait imbalance, and other conditions. Hence, these techniques are an extension of the clinical examination, where a nerve, muscle, or any component of the motor unit needs to be evaluated. The electrophysiological test has to answer a clinical question.

As in any clinical situation, relevant history has to be obtained, along with a detailed physical examination, to be able to develop a differential diagnosis. Appropriate laboratory tests are then arranged to determine the likelihood of a disease or condition being present or absent.

Electrodiagnostic studies are undertaken for the purpose of diagnosis, to establish the severity of the diagnosed disease condition, to understand the progression of the condition, to define prognosis, to determine the localization of the lesion, and to initiate an appropriate treatment protocol.