Consulting Editors

RUSSELL LONSER, MD

Chair, Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio

ISAAC YANG, MD

Assistant Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California

Editors

RICARDO A. HANEL, MD, PhD

Director of Cerebrovascular and Stroke, Lyerly Neurosurgery, Baptist Health, Jacksonville, Florida

CIARÁN J. POWERS, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor, Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio

ERIC SAUVAGEAU, MD

Director of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Surgery, Lyerly Neurosurgery, Baptist Health, Jacksonville, Florida

Editors

RICARDO A. HANEL, MD, PhD

Director of Cerebrovascular and Stroke, Lyerly Neurosurgery, Baptist Health, Jacksonville, Florida

CIARÁN J. POWERS, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor, Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio

ERIC SAUVAGEAU, MD

Director of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Surgery, Lyerly Neurosurgery, Baptist Health, Jacksonville, Florida

Authors

BEVERLEY AAGAARD-KIENITZ, MD

Associate Professor of Radiology and Neurological Surgery; Program Director, Neuroendovascular Fellowship: Endovascular Neurosurgery/Neurointerventional Surgery; Co-Director, Neuroendovascular Section, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin

TODD ABRUZZO, MD

Chief, Pediatric Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology; Associate Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Comprehensive Stroke Center, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute; Mayfield Clinic, Cincinnati, Ohio

AZAM AHMED, MD

Assistant Professor, Departments of Radiology and Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin

FELIPE C. ALBUQUERQUE, MD

Endovascular Neurosurgeon, Division of Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona

MICHAEL J. ALEXANDER, MD

Professor and Vice-Chairman, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California

NORBERTO ANDALUZ, MD

Associate Professor of Neurosurgery; Director, Division of Neurotrauma; Medical Director, Neurotrauma Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Comprehensive Stroke Center, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute; Mayfield Clinic, Cincinnati, Ohio

RAMSEY ASHOUR, MD

Chief Resident, Department of Neurological Surgery, Lois Pope LIFE Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida

KAIZ ASIF, MD

Neurointerventional Fellow, Division of Neurointervention, Department of Neurology, SNN (Stroke, Neurocritical Care, and Neurointerventional) Research Center, Froedtert Hospital, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

ALI AZIZ-SULTAN, MD

Section Chief of Cerebrovascular/Endovascular, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

CHRISTOPHER D. BAGGOTT, MD

Neurosurgery Resident, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin

BERNARD R. BENDOK, MD, MS

Professor of Neurological Surgery, Radiology and Otolaryngology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois

CARLO BORTOLOTTI, MD

Division of Neurosurgery, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, IRCCS Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy

BENJAMIN BROWN, MD

Cerebrovascular Fellow, Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida

ALICIA C. CASTONGUAY, PhD

Assistant Professor of Neurology, Division of Neurointervention, Department of Neurology, Director of the SNN (Stroke, Neurocritical Care, and Neurointerventional) Research Center, Froedtert Hospital, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

NOHRA CHALOUHI, MD

Department of Neurosurgery, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

JOHN P. DEVEIKIS, MD

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama

PAULA EBOLI, MD

Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California

TAREK Y. EL AHMADIEH, MD

Post-doctoral Research Fellow, Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois

NAJIB E. EL TECLE, MD

Post-doctoral Research Fellow, Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois

JORGE L. ELLER, MD

Endovascular Fellow, Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, State University of New York; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York; Assistant Professor, Cerebrovascular Neurosurgery, PeaceHealth Sacred Heart Medical Center, Springfield, Oregon

PAUL FOREMAN, MD

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama

AYMAN GHEITH, MD

Neurointerventional Fellow, Department of Neurology, SNN (Stroke, Neurocritical Care, and Neurointerventional) Research Center, Froedtert Hospital, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

YAIR M. GOZAL, MD, PhD

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio

CHRISTOPH J. GRIESSENAUER, MD

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama

AARON W. GROSSMAN, MD, PhD

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio

YOUSSEF J. HAMADE, MD

Research Assistant, Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois

RICARDO A. HANEL, MD, PhD

Director of Cerebrovascular and Stroke, Lyerly Neurosurgery, Baptist Health, Jacksonville, Florida

MARK R. HARRIGAN, MD

Associate Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama

DAVID HASAN, MD

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa

L. NELSON HOPKINS, MD

Distinguished Professor of Neurosurgery; Professor of Radiology, Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York; Toshiba Stroke and Vascular Research Center, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute, Kaleida Health; Chief Executive Officer, Jacobs Institute, Buffalo, New York

DANIEL S. IKEDA, MD

Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio

PASCAL JABBOUR, MD

Department of Neurosurgery, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University; Chief, Division of Neurovascular Surgery and Endovascular Neurosurgery; Associate Professor, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

GIUSEPPE LANZINO, MD

Professor of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurologic Surgery, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota

ELAD I. LEVY, MD, MBA, FACS, FAHA

Chairman of the Department of Neurosurgery; Professor, Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York; Toshiba Stroke and Vascular Research Center, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York

JOHN R. LYNCH, MD

Associate Professor of Neurology, Departments of Neurology, Radiology, and Neurosurgery, SNN (Stroke, Neurocritical Care, and Neurointerventional) Research Center, Froedtert Hospital, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

EVAN S. MARLIN, MD

Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio

CAMERON G. MCDOUGALL, MD

Chief, Endovascular Neurosurgery, Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona

MAXIM MOKIN, MD, PhD

Endovascular Neurosurgery Fellow, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York

DAVID NIEMANN, MD

Associate Professor, Departments of Radiology and Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin

MIN S. PARK, MD

Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona

BIRAJ M. PATEL, MD

Clinical Instructor, Departments of Radiology and Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin

GLEN POLLOCK, MD

Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery, Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, SNN (Stroke, Neurocritical Care, and Neurointerventional) Research Center, Froedtert Hospital, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

CIARÁN J. POWERS, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor, Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio

STYLIANOS RAMMOS, MD

Arkansas Neuroscience Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas

ANDREW RINGER, MD

Professor of Neurosurgery and Radiology; Director, Division of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Comprehensive Stroke Center, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute; Mayfield Clinic, Cincinnati, Ohio

ROBERT H. ROSENWASSER, MD

Department of Neurosurgery, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

ROBERT W. RYAN, MD

University Neurosurgery Associates, University of California, San Francisco-Fresno, Fresno, California

MATTHEW R. SANBORN, MD

Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona

ERIC SAUVAGEAU, MD

Director of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Surgery, Lyerly Neurosurgery, Baptist Health, Jacksonville, Florida

JOSEPH C. SERRONE, MD

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio

ANDREW SHAW, MD

Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio

ADNAN H. SIDDIQUI, MD, PhD

Associate Professor, Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York; Toshiba Stroke and Vascular Research Center, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute, Kaleida Health; Jacobs Institute, Buffalo, New York

KENNETH V. SNYDER, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor, Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology, and Radiology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York; Toshiba Stroke and Vascular Research Center, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York

CHRIS SOUTHWOOD, MD

Neurology Resident, Department of Neurology, SNN (Stroke, Neurocritical Care, and Neurointerventional) Research Center, Froedtert Hospital, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

MOHAMED S. TELEB, MD

Neurointerventional Fellow, Division of Neurointervention, Department of Neurology, SNN (Stroke, Neurocritical Care, and Neurointerventional) Research Center, Froedtert Hospital, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

STAVROPAULA I. TJOUMAKARIS, MD

Department of Neurosurgery, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

OSAMA O. ZAIDAT, MD, MS

Professor of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Radiology; Co-Director, Comprehensive Stroke Center; Chief, Neurointerventional Division, Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Radiology, SNN (Stroke, Neurocritical Care, and Neurointerventional) Research Center, Froedtert Hospital, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

SAMER G. ZAMMAR, MD

Post-doctoral Research Fellow, Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois

MARIO ZANATY, MD

Department of Neurosurgery, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

MARIO ZUCCARELLO, MD

Frank H. Mayfield Professor & Chairman, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Director, Neurovascular Division; Co-Medical Director, Comprehensive Stroke Center, University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute; Mayfield Clinic, Cincinnati, Ohio