Inflammatory Disorders

A. See also

Demyelinating Disease (p. 33), myositis (p. 83).

B. Vasculitis

Angiitis and vasculitis are synonyms. Arteritis is vasculitis restricted to arteries.

• 1. Angiitis, primary CNS: Small-medium arteries.
  • a. CNS sx: HA, encephalopathy, stroke/bleed.
  • b. PNS sx: None.
  • c. Systemic sx: None.
  • d. Tests: Angiogram, MRI, bx (leptomeninges and cortex).
  • e. Rx: High-dose steroids ± cyclophosphamide.
• 2. Angiitis, hypersensitivity: Small vessels.
  • a. CNS sx: Variable.
  • b. PNS sx: Asymmetrical, painful distal sensorimotor neuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex.
  • c. Systemic sx: Purpura.
  • d. Tests: Evaluate potential causes (drugs, infections, cancer, connective tissue dz, cryoprotein).
  • e. Rx: Treat cause.
• 3. Arteritis, giant cell (temporal arteritis): Extracranial branches of the aorta.
  • a. CNS sx: HA (esp. unilateral temporal), ischemic optic neuropathy, transient monocular blindness, TIA/stroke.
  • b. PNS sx: None.
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