Inflammatory Disorders

A. See also

Demyelinating Disease (p. 33), myositis (p. 83).

B. Vasculitis

Angiitis and vasculitis are synonyms. Arteritis is vasculitis restricted to arteries.

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  1. Angiitis, primary CNS: Small-medium arteries.
  
  
  
  
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    a. CNS sx: HA, encephalopathy, stroke/bleed.
    
    
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    b. PNS sx: None.
    
    
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    c. Systemic sx: None.
    
    
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    d. Tests: Angiogram, MRI, bx (leptomeninges and cortex).
    
    
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    e. Rx: High-dose steroids ± cyclophosphamide.
  
  
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  2. Angiitis, hypersensitivity: Small vessels.
  
  
  
  
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    a. CNS sx: Variable.
    
    
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    b. PNS sx: Asymmetrical, painful distal sensorimotor neuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex.
    
    
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    c. Systemic sx: Purpura.
    
    
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    d. Tests: Evaluate potential causes (drugs, infections, cancer, connective tissue dz, cryoprotein).
    
    
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    e. Rx: Treat cause.
  
  
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  3. Arteritis, giant cell (temporal arteritis): Extracranial branches of the aorta.
  
  
  
  
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    a. CNS sx: HA (esp. unilateral temporal), ischemic optic neuropathy, transient monocular blindness, TIA/stroke.
    
    
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    b. PNS sx: None.
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