Chronic pain is a complex disorder with extensive overlap in sensory and limbic pathways. It needs systemic therapy in addition to focused local treatment. This article discusses treatment modalities other than surgical and interventional approaches and also discusses the literature regarding these treatment modalities, including pharmacotherapy, physical and occupational therapy, psychological approaches including cognitive behavior therapy, and other adjunctive treatments like yoga and tai chi.
Key points
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Pain is a multidimensional experience and its management should account for this.
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Although some of the unimodal therapies can be effective in selected groups of patients, practitioners often find it necessary to use a combination of various pharmaceutical agents, physical approaches, and psychological approaches to bring about optimum outcomes.
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Especially in cases in which pain has led to significant functional impairment, it is important to fully evaluate the psychological factors in addition to the anatomic disorder.
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The effect of other medical conditions on the patient should not be ignored.
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