Nephrolithiasis

(1)

Departments of Internal Medicine & Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

Kidney stones are solid particle formations in the urinary tract. They are not uncommon in the general population. Majority of stones are formed of calcium. They may be passed into the bladder and excreted in urine or lodged in the urinary tract causing irritation and obstruction. Kidney stones can cause severe pain and accompanying nausea. Patients may also present with hematuria or symptoms of a urinary tract infection.

Topiramate and Nephrolithiasis

Kidney stones can occasionally be seen with topiramate treatment. The prevalence of symptomatic nephrolithiasis on topiramate may be as high as 10% [1]. The mechanism is thought to be inhibition of renal carbonic anhydrase and renal tubular acidosis . The metabolic acidosis leads to formation of alkaline urine, reduced citrate, and increased calcium in the urine predisposing to calcium phosphate stones .

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