Neuro-Oncology



Neuro-Oncology





QUESTIONS



1. Which of the following has been associated with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, hyperpigmented skin macules, and precocious puberty?


A. Gardner’s syndrome


B. Hand-Schüller-Christian disease


C. McCune-Albright syndrome


D. Guillain-Barré syndrome


E. None of the above

View Answer

1. Answer: C. McCune-Albright syndrome consists of the triad of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, hyperpigmented skin macules, and precocious puberty.



2. Of all primary tumors, which one has the most predilection toward metastasizing to the brain?


A. Lung


B. Breast


C. Melanoma


D. Colon cancer


E. Lymphoma

View Answer

2. Answer: C. Approximately 40% of melanomas metastasize to the brain. Twenty-one percent of lung tumors and 9% of breast cancer go the brain.



3. Which of the following primary tumors account for the majority of all metastatic brain tumors?


A. Lung


B. Breast


C. Melanoma


D. Colon cancer


E. Lymphoma

View Answer

3. Answer: A. Primary lung cancer accounts for half of all metastatic brain tumors.




4. A patient is found to have metastatic cancer to the brain. Which of the following besides headache is the most common presenting symptom?


A. Stroke


B. Hemorrhage


C. Seizure


D. Nausea


E. None of the above

View Answer

4. Answer: C. Headache (42%) and seizure (21%) are the two most common presenting symptoms.



5. A patient is found to have a brain stem glioma. More than 75% of these tumors are in patients in what age group?


A. 0 to 20


B. 21 to 40


C. 40 to 60


D. Over 60


E. None of the above. They occur in all age groups equally.

View Answer

5. Answer: A. Approximately three quarters of patients with brain stem gliomas are under age 20. There is a bimodal distribution to these tumors with the peak incidence occurring in the latter part of the first decade of life and the second peak occurring in the fourth decade of life.



6. A 56-year-old Caucasian female is found to have metastatic brain cancer. On imaging studies, the lesions are hemorrhagic. Which of the following would be a possible primary tumor?


A. Lymphoma


B. Melanoma


C. Meningioma


D. Neurofibroma


E. Schwannoma

View Answer

6. Answer: B. Melanoma has the highest propensity to be hemorrhagic. There is no cure. Increased survival may be seen if whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) is used in combination with tumor resection.



7. Which of the following is the most common endocrine dysfunction seen with craniopharyngiomas?


A. Adrenal failure


B. Hypothyroidism


C. Diabetes insipidus


D. Diabetes mellitus


E. None of the above

View Answer

7. Answer: B. On presentation, approximately 40% of patients have symptoms of hypothyroidism. A quarter of patients have signs of adrenal failure (orthostatic hypotension, hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia), and about 20% have signs of diabetes insipidus.



8. A patient with a retrochiasmal craniopharyngioma is associated with hydrocephalus. Which of the following is also associated?


A. Horizontal double vision


B. Seizures


C. Electrolyte abnormalities


D. Amenorrhea


E. Orthostatic hypotension

View Answer

8. Answer: A. With retrochiasmal locations, the patient typically presents with hydrocephalus with signs of increased intracranial pressure such as papilledema and horizontal diplopia.




9. Which of the following treatments for ependymomas is considered the most effective therapy?


A. Monitor closely


B. Surgical excision


C. Chemotherapy


D. Radiation


E. None of the above

View Answer

9. Answer: B. Surgery remains the most effective treatment for this tumor. Postoperative radiation therapy improves survival; however, surgery remains the most effective treatment. Chemotherapy is the most disappointing.



10. Which of the following is the most common type of primary brain tumor?


A. Lymphoma


B. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)


C. Meningioma


D. Pituitary adenoma


E. None of the above

View Answer

10. Answer: B. GBM is the most common and unfortunately the most aggressive primary brain tumor. It is highly malignant and infiltrates the brain extensively.



11. Which of the following has the highest potential for increasing the risk of secondary glioblastoma?


A. Hx of whole brain radiation


B. Hx of multiple computed tomography (CT) scans

Sep 7, 2016 | Posted by in NEUROLOGY | Comments Off on Neuro-Oncology

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