Value
Age (years)
Mean 41.9, range 12-65
Sex
M/F 8: 8
Pathology
Tumors 69 % (11 of 16 pts)
Tethered cord surgery 25 % (4 of 16 pts)
Vascular lesions 6 % (1 of 16 pts)
Level
Cervical 12 % (2 of 16 pts)
Dorsal 32 % (5 of 16 pts)
Lumbosacral 56 % (9 of 16 pts)
Total no. of patients
16
Table 2
IONM data and outcomes
Pathology | Preoperative assessment | IONM | Outcome | N.D.D. | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Motor examination (MRC score) | Sensory examination | Urinary examination | SEP | MEP | D-Wave | fr-EMG | e-EMG | Intraoperative alert | Motor examination (MRC score) | Sensory examination | Urinary examination | Final outcome | ||||
Discharge | 6 Months | |||||||||||||||
1 | C0–C2 Meningioma (WHO I) | Tetraparesis (4/5), dysphagia | Negative | Negative | X | X | X | X | No | 5 | 5 | Negative | Negative | Improved | No | |
2 | CMJ Cavernous angioma | Right hemiparesis (3/5), dysphagia | Hypoesthesia 4 limbs | Negative | Absent | X | X | X | X | No | 4 | 5 | Unchanged | Negative | Improved | No |
3 | T7–T8 esophageal cancer intramedullary metastasis | Paraparesis (4/5) | Hypoesthesia from D7 | Negative | Absent | X | X | X | MEP disappearance, D-wave: amplitude decrease >50 % | 3 | 3 | Unchanged | Negative | Worsened | Permanent (Paraparesis) | |
4 | T8–T9 meningioma (WHO I) | Paraparesis (4/5) | Negative | Urinary incontinence | X | X | X | X | No | 4 | 5 | Negative | Unchanged | Improved | No | |
5 | T9 meningioma (WHO I) | Paraparesis (4/5) | Negative | Negative | X | X | X | X | No | 5 | 5 | Negative | Negative | Improved | No | |
6 | T5–T6 meningioma (WHO I) | Paraparesis (4/5) | Hypoesthesia from D6 | Urinary incontinence | X | X | X | X | MEP disappearance (D-wave: stable) | 5 | 5 | Unchanged | Unchanged | Improved | No | |
7 | T9 meningioma (WHO I) | Negative (5/5) | Negative | Negative | X | X | X | X | No | 5 | 5 | Negative | Negative | Unchanged | No | |
8 | D12–L1 hemangioblastoma | Paraparesis (4/5) | Hypoesthesia from D12 | Negative | X | X | X | X | No | 5 | 5 | Unchanged | Negative | Improved | No | |
9 | Tethered cord syndrome, L5–S1 lipoma | Left leg weakness (4/5) | Negative | Urinary incontinence | X | X | X | X | No | 4 | 5 | Negative | Improved | Improved | No | |
10 | Tethered cord syndrome | Paraparesis (4/5) | Perineal hypoesthesia, | Urinary incontinence | X | X | X | X | No | 4 | 5 | Unchanged | Unchanged | Improved | No | |
11 | Tethered cord syndrome, L1–L4 lipoma | Paraparesis (left leg 3, right leg 1) | Negative | Urinary incontinence | X | Poorly recordable | X | X | No | 3 left leg 1 right leg | 3 left leg 1 right leg | Negative | Unchanged | Unchanged | No | |
12 | Tethered cord syndrome (Chiari 2 malformation) | Paraparesis (4/5) | Perineal hypoesthesia | Urinary incontinence | Absent | X | X | X | No | 4 | 4 | Unchanged | Unchanged | Unchanged | No | |
13 | L1 and L4 Schwannoma | Right foot dorsal flexion weakness (4/5) | Negative | Negative | X | X | X | X | No | 5 | 5
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