Fig. 4.1
Flow diagram representing algorythm for patients with neck and/or cervival radicular pain
References
1.
Kumar R, Berger RJ, Dunsker SB, Keller JT. Innervation of the spinal dura. Myth or reality? Spine. 1996;21:18–26.CrossRef
2.
Bogduk N. The anatomy and pathophysiology of neck pain. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2003;14:455–72.CrossRef
3.
Radhakrishnan K, Litchy WJ, O’Fallon WM, Kurland LT. Epidemiology of cervical radiculopathy. A population-based study from Rochester, Minnesota, 1976 through 1990. Brain. 1994;117(Pt 2):325–35.CrossRef
4.
Hogg-Johnson S, van der Velde G, Carroll LJ, Holm LW, Cassidy JD, Guzman J, Cote P, Haldeman S, Ammendolia C, Carragee E, Hurwitz E, Nordin M, Peloso P, Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders, et al. The burden and determinants of neck pain in the general population: results of the bone and joint decade 2000–2010 task force on neck pain and its associated disorders. Spine. 2008;33:S39–51. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31816454c8.CrossRef
5.
Guzman J, Haldeman S, Carroll LJ, Carragee EJ, Hurwitz EL, Peloso P, Nordin M, Cassidy JD, Holm LW, Cote P, van der Velde G, Hogg-Johnson S, Bone, Joint Decade – Task Force on Neck P, Its Associated D (2008), et al. Clinical practice implications of the bone and joint decade 2000–2010 task force on neck pain and its associated disorders: from concepts and findings to recommendations. Spine. 2008;33:S199–213. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181644641.CrossRef
6.
Cote P, Cassidy JD, Carroll LJ, Kristman V. The annual incidence and course of neck pain in the general population: a population-based cohort study. Pain. 2004;112:267–73. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2004.09.004.CrossRef
7.
Carroll LJ, Hogg-Johnson S, van der Velde G, Haldeman S, Holm LW, Carragee EJ, Hurwitz EL, Cote P, Nordin M, Peloso PM, Guzman J, Cassidy JD, Bone, Joint Decade – Task Force on Neck P, Its Associated D (2008), et al. Course and prognostic factors for neck pain in the general population: results of the bone and joint decade 2000–2010 task force on neck pain and its associated disorders. Spine. 2008;33:S75–82. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31816445be.CrossRef
8.
Badve SA, Bhojraj S, Nene A, Raut A, Ramakanthan R. Occipito-atlanto-axial osteoarthritis: a cross sectional clinico-radiological prevalence study in high risk and general population. Spine. 2010;35:434–8. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181b13320.CrossRef
9.
Zapletal J, Hekster RE, Straver JS, Wilmink JT, Hermans J. Relationship between atlanto-odontoid osteoarthritis and idiopathic suboccipital neck pain. Neuroradiology. 1996;38:62–5.CrossRef
10.
Von Ludinghausen M, Prescher A, Kageya I, Yoshimura K. The median atlanto-occipital joint in advanced age. Spine. 2006;31:E430–6. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000222156.96731.34.CrossRef
11.
Halla JT, Hardin Jr JG. Atlantoaxial (C1-C2) facet joint osteoarthritis: a distinctive clinical syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 1987;30:577–82.CrossRef
12.
Adams MA, Roughley PJ. What is intervertebral disc degeneration, and what causes it? Spine. 2006;31:2151–61. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000231761.73859.2c.CrossRef
13.
Galbusera F, van Rijsbergen M, Ito K, Huyghe JM, Brayda-Bruno M, Wilke HJ. Ageing and degenerative changes of the intervertebral disc and their impact on spinal flexibility. Eur Spine J. 2014;23 Suppl 3:324–32. doi:10.1007/s00586-014-3203-4.
14.
Rao RD, Currier BL, Albert TJ, Bono CM, Marawar SV, Poelstra KA, Eck JC. Degenerative cervical spondylosis: clinical syndromes, pathogenesis, and management. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89:1360–78.
15.
Kumaresan S, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Maiman DJ, Goel VK. Contribution of disc degeneration to osteophyte formation in the cervical spine: a biomechanical investigation. J Orthop Res. 2001;19:977–84. doi:10.1016/S0736-0266(01)00010-9.CrossRef
16.
Park MS, Moon SH, Lee HM, Kim SW, Kim TH, Suh BK, Riew KD. The natural history of degenerative spondylolisthesis of the cervical spine with 2- to 7-year follow-up. Spine. 2013;38:E205–10. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31827de4fd.CrossRef
17.
Dai L. Disc degeneration and cervical instability. Correlation of magnetic resonance imaging with radiography. Spine. 1998;23:1734–8.CrossRef
18.
Ebraheim NA, Liu J, Shafiq Q, Lu J, Pataparla S, Yeasting RA, Woldenberg L. Quantitative analysis of changes in cervical intervertebral foramen size with vertebral translation. Spine. 2006;31:E62–5. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000199169.92242.70.CrossRef
19.
Yoshihara H, Kepler C, Hasegawa K, Rawlins BA. Surgical treatment for atlantooccipital osteoarthritis: a case report of two patients. Eur Spine J. 2011;20 Suppl 2:S243–7. doi:10.1007/s00586-010-1636-.CrossRef
20.
Elliott RE, Tanweer O, Smith ML, Frempong-Boadu A. Outcomes of fusion for lateral atlantoaxial osteoarthritis: meta-analysis and review of literature. World Neurosurg. 2013;80:e337–46. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2012.08.018.CrossRef
21.
Schaeren S, Jeanneret B. Atlantoaxial osteoarthritis: case series and review of the literature. Eur Spine J. 2005;14:501–6. doi:10.1007/s00586-004-0856-4.PubMedCentralCrossRef
22.
Yukawa Y, Kato F, Suda K, Yamagata M, Ueta T. Age-related changes in osseous anatomy, alignment, and range of motion of the cervical spine. Part I: radiographic data from over 1,200 asymptomatic subjects. Eur Spine J. 2012;21:1492–8. doi:10.1007/s00586-012-2167-5.PubMedCentralCrossRef
Related posts:
Anatomy of the Cervical Spine
Anterior Cervical Approach: Decompression and Fusion with Cages
Cervical PLDD (Percutaneous Laser Discectomy). Ten Years Experience
Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion with Autologous Bone Graft
Odontoid Screw Fixation
Injuries of the Middle and Lower Cervical Spine
Stay updated, free articles. Join our Telegram channel
Full access? Get Clinical Tree
