Respiratory Anatomy and Physiology

LAURA A. LINLEY

NOTE: This chapter corresponds to Chapter 6 in Fundamentals of Sleep Technology, 2nd edition.

1. Sensory signals from the medulla, carotid bodies, and aortic arch provide feedback information to the respiratory system in the brainstem about levels of:

A. Lung stretch and inflation

B. Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH

C. Fatigue of the respiratory muscles

D. Level of stress requiring increased energy production

2. The functions of the upper airway include filtering, warming, and ______________ of incoming air.

A. Humidification

B. Desaturation

C. Resaturation

D. Desalinization

3. Upper airway collapse, such as that seen in obstructive sleep apnea, typically takes place at the level of the:

A. Alveolar sac

B. Trachea and bronchus

C. Diaphragm

D. Larynx and pharynx

4. Gas exchange between the lungs and the vascular system occurs at the:

A. Alveoli and capillaries

B. Bronchioles and veins

C. Lobes and aorta

D. Trachea and carotids

5. During sleep, neural output to all skeletal muscles is reduced with the exception of the:

A. Pectoralis

B. Iliopsoas

C. Brachioradialis

D. Diaphragm

6. The motor nerve controlling the diaphragm is the:

A. Intercostal

B. Diaphragmatic

C. Radial

D. Phrenic

7. Tidal volume of the lung is:

A. Total lung capacity

B. Volume of air moved in a single unforced breath

C. Amount of air moved in 1 minute of breathing

D. Physiologic dead space

8. The relationship between the hemoglobin saturation (the percentage of the capacity of hemoglobin to carry oxygen) and the pressure of oxygen in the blood is graphed as the:

A. Oxygen/carbon dioxide correlation

B. Inverted u-shaped curve

C. Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

D. Apnea/hypopnea index

9. The work of breathing increases with greater:

A. Oxygen saturation

B. Blood flow

C. Airway resistance

D. Upper airway diameter

10. The respiratory system normally responds most robustly to:

A. Hypoxia

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