10.1055/b-0040-176499
10 Epidural Hematoma Evacuation/Subdural Hematoma Evacuation/Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation
10.1 Symptoms and Signs
-
State of confusion
- Headache
- Vomiting or nausea
- Fatigue
- Difficulty producing speech
- Abnormal sleeping behavior
- Difficulty maintaining balance
- Blurred vision, abnormal taste/smell senses
- Mood change
- Memory or concentration deficiency
- Depression or anxiety
- Pupil dilation
- Weakness/numbness in fingers/toes
- Coma
- Neurologic dysfunction from cranial nerve damage
10.2 Surgical Pathology
- Cranial benign/malignant trauma
10.3 Diagnostic Modalities
- Physical examination
- Neurological examination
- Glasgow Coma Scale
- MRI of brain without contrast (see ▶Fig. 10.1 and ▶Fig. 10.2)
Fig. 10.1 (a, b) MRI scans reveal left epidural hematoma located in the posterior cranial fossa 10 days after head trauma. Primary traumatic lesions. In: Forsting M, Jansen O, eds. MR Neuroimaging: Brain, Spine, Peripheral Nerves. 1st ed. Thieme; 2016 
Fig. 10.2 (a, b) MRI scans reveal right subdural hematoma and hemorrhagic contusion 8 days after head trauma. Primary traumatic lesions. In: Forsting M, Jansen O, eds. MR Neuroimaging: Brain, Spine, Peripheral Nerves. 1st ed. Thieme; 2016 - CT scan of brain without contrast (see ▶Fig. 10.3)
Fig. 10.3 Preoperative CT scan revealed right frontal intracerebral hemorrhage in an elderly woman (a). After craniectomy and hematoma evacuation, postoperative CT revealed minimal damage to relevant brain tissue (b). Follow-up CT (6 weeks) demonstrates successful operation (c). Surgical management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. In: Nader R, Gragnanielllo C, Berta S, et al, eds. Neurosurgery Tricks of the Trade: Cranial. 1st ed. Thieme; 2013 - X-ray of brain (test for skull fractures)
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