Sleep Across the Life Cycle

ROXANNE TAYLOR

NOTE: This chapter corresponds to Chapter 3 in Fundamentals of Sleep Technology, 2nd edition.

1. According to the two-process model, sleep-waking and alertness are influenced by a circadian factor (Process C) and a Process S, which is also known as the:

A. Homeostatic sleep drive

B. Sleep inertia effect

C. Ultradian process

D. Fatigue factor

2. An EEG rhythm with a frequency of 8 to 13 Hz, a sinusoidal morphology, and maximum amplitude in the occipital region is:

A. Theta activity

B. Slow waves of youth

C. Hypnagogic hypersynchrony

D. Alpha rhythm

3. Recordings of the electroencephalogram, chin electromyogram, and ______________ are required in order to differentiate sleep from wake and to identify the different stages of sleep.

A. Galvanic skin response

B. Eye movements

C. Blood pressure

D. Electrocardiography

4. An EEG pattern seen at sleep onset in infants and children but rarely seen after age 12 is:

A. Frontal slow-wave activity

B. Three per second spike and wave activity

C. Sleep spindles

D. Hypnagogic hypersynchrony

5. The best predictor of EEG patterns in neonates is:

A. Gestational age

B. Birth order

C. Chronologic age

D. Conceptional age

6. At what age do all three of the key features of EEG activity during NREM sleep (spindles, slow waves, and K complexes) first present in infants?

A. 1 month

B. 3 months

C. 6 months

D. 1 year

7. One difference in sleep stage scoring for adults using the AASM Scoring Manual and stage scoring for infants using the Anders and Parmelee Manual is that the latter scores:

A. Rollover minutes

B. Indeterminate sleep

C. High-voltage slow active sleep

D. Unrecognized sleep

8. A mother comes to the sleep center with her 5-year-old daughter. She is concerned that her daughter, who will be starting kindergarten in the fall, is still napping. The best course of action is to:

A. Begin a small dose of a stimulant such as modafinil

B. Evaluate the child for pediatric narcolepsy

C. Reassure the parent that this is normal for age

D. Recommend cognitive behavioral therapy for the child

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