Test Six
Questions
1. What TWO distinctly American traditions have contributed their own unique emphasis to the field of dynamic psychotherapy with children, particularly play therapy?
A. The child guidance movement
B. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
C. Client-centered therapy
D. Existential therapy
E. Rational emotional behavior therapy
2. Findings from large-scale epidemiological studies examining individuals with mental retardation (MR) show ALL of the following EXCEPT:
A. More boys than girls have MR
B. Rates of MR are generally low in the early years
C. Rates of MR peak at around 10 to 14 years
D. Rates of MR stay constant during adulthood
E. Individuals of lower socioeconomic status (SES) show higher than expected rates of MR
3. Which of the following learning disabilities (LDs) currently has the most research on relevant genes and brain structure and brain function to support a neurobiological base for LDs?
A. Disability from emotional disturbance
B. Disability from traumatic brain injury
C. Disorder of written expression
D. Specific reading disability
E. Specific mathematics disability
4. Approximately what percentage of pediatric patients in primary care have mental health problems?
A. 5%
B. 10%
C. 20%
D. 30%
E. 50%
5. Child psychiatry in the United States began with the establishment of child guidance clinics, the first of which was the Juvenile Psychopathic Institute of Chicago established by Dr William Healy in which year?
A. 1793
B. 1839
C. 1872
D. 1909
E. 1952
6. Which of the following is accurate about epilepsy?
A. Epilepsy can be associated with a decrease in intelligence quotient (IQ) for a subset of children
B. Family factors seem to be stronger predictors of psychopathology than epilepsy factors
C. Students with epilepsy are retained in school more frequently than controls
D. Children with epilepsy experience more frequent difficulties in reading, writing, and mathematics than controls
E. All of the above
7. In one cohort study, young adults with depression were found to have which of the following?
A. Homozygosity for the long allele of the serotonin transporter gene
B. Homozygosity for the short allele of the serotonin transporter gene
C. Homozygosity for the short allele of the serotonin transporter gene and negative life events
D. Homozygosity for the long allele of the serotonin transporter gene and negative life events
E. None of the above
8. Which of the following describes the hypothesized mechanism of action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?
A. Interferes with the return of serotonin into the postsynaptic neuron
B. Promotes the release of serotonin in the prefrontal cortex
C. Selectively promotes the release of newly synthesized dopamine while also blocking dopamine reuptake at the transporter
D. Promotes the release of stored dopamine and blocks the return of dopamine at presynaptic dopamine transporter sites.
E. Interferes with the return of serotonin into the presynaptic neuron
9. What type of variable represents a variable that cannot be manipulated, as it is specific to the subject (e.g., gender, age, or ethnic group) under study, or part of the subject’s usual environment (e.g., low SES)?
A. Active independent variable
B. Independent variable
C. Dependent variable
D. Attribute independent variable
E. Extraneous variable
10. Which of the following medications has shown statistically significant superiority compared with valproate in acute onset depression in adolescents with bipolar disorder?
A. Quetiapine
B. Sertraline
C. Venlafaxine
D. Mirtazapine
E. Risperdal
In the following questions regarding types of validity, match the terms to the definitions that best describe them.
11. Construct validity
12. Content validity
13. Face validity
14. Concurrent validity
15. Predictive validity
A. Whether on the surface of things the test appears to be appropriate for its intended use
B. A form of criterion-related validation that examines the degree to which the measure predicts some other criterion in the future, such as IQ in relation to later academic success
C. Examines the extent to which a test measures what it purports to measure
D. Refers to the degree to which a test covers the behavior, skill, or subject matter being measured, that is, whether the test offers representative coverage of the domain assessed
E. A form of criterion-related validation in which the current measure is compared with a criterion or outcome to which it is related, such as other test scores
16. True or False: Tricyclic antidepressants are more effective in children with depression compared to adults.
A. True
B. False
17. True or False: There is indisputable evidence for the heritability of most early-onset psychiatric illnesses.
A. True
B. False
18. What is the most common use of single photon emission computed tomography in the study of psychopathological disorders?
A. Electrical analysis of the brain to various stimuli
B. The delineation of white matter tracts
C. The measurement of regional cerebral blood flow
D. Volumetric analysis of brain structures
E. None of the above
19. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has generally fallen under which type of disability in the determination of eligibility for special education services?
A. Developmental delay
B. Emotional
C. Other health impaired
D. Specific learning
E. Neurological
20. At what age does stranger anxiety begin to occur in most infants and at what age does it peak?
A. 6 months, peaking at 18 months
B. 8 months, peaking at 18 months
C. 6 months, peaking at 24 months
D. 8 months, peaking at 24 months
21. In the population at large, the estimated prevalence of anorexia nervosa in young women in industrialized countries is:
A. 0.03%
B. 0.3%
C. 3%
D. 30%
22. True or False: Parents of juveniles who set fires have been found to demonstrate a significantly greater incidence of psychological disturbance including schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders, depression, and substance abuse.
A. True
B. False
23. Hospital staff members may deal with the anxiety they experience when a child in their care is dying by:
A. Withdrawal and a conspiracy of silence
B. Excessive crying
C. Acting as a coparent
D. Excessive benzodiazepine use
24. Which of the following is the greatest limitation of applying electroencephalography (EEG)?
A. Poor spatial resolution
B. The potential adverse effects of radioactive tracers
C. Poor temporal resolution
D. Indirect method of measuring neuronal activity
E. None of the above
25. Among the tricyclic antidepressants, which one of the following is used to treat enuresis in children?
A. Desipramine
B. Clomipramine
C. Imipramine
D. Amitriptyline
E. Nortriptyline
26. Which of the following models of family therapy is particularly applicable to marital problems and children with chronic conduct disorders?
A. Structural
B. Strategic
C. Behavioral
D. Psychodynamic
E. Experiential
27. The “developing theory of mind” refers to:
A. The ability to understand that one’s thoughts, beliefs, and feelings are one’s own and that others may feel or believe differently
B. The interpretation of the behaviors and words of others as being a part of their feelings and thoughts
C. The recognition of the world in both physical and nonphysical terms, with the latter being invisible or imagined states of thoughts, feelings, and beliefs
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
28. ALL of the following are autosomal dominant diseases EXCEPT:
A. Huntington disease
B. Myotonic dystrophy
C. Fragile X syndrome
D. Parkinson disease
E. Neurofibromatosis
29. Which of the following statements is most accurate for the United States?
A. The rates of both AIDS and HIV are increasing
B. The rates of both AIDS and HIV are decreasing
C. The rate of AIDS is increasing and the rate of HIV is decreasing
D. The rate of AIDS is decreasing and the rate of HIV is increasing
30. True or False: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a risk factor for trichotillomania.
A. True
B. False
31. Caution should be used when administering chlorpromazine in children via intramuscular routes due to the occurrence of which adverse event?
A. Hypotension
B. Seizures
C. Acute dystonic reaction
D. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
E. Extrapyramidal symptoms
32. One study described how children with serious emotional disturbances received services from more than two mental health delivery systems. What percentage of children did so?
A. 12%
B. 32%
C. 52%
D. 72%
E. 92%
33. Which of the following encompasses the broad goals of neuropsychological assessment?
A. To provide a more complete description and understanding of the child
B. To provide an understanding of the child’s prognosis
C. To inform strategies for intervention
D. To serve primarily as a diagnostic instrument
E. A and C
34. Adolescents have an intense striving for physical, sexual, social, psychological, and intellectual independence and mastery. Life-limiting illness turns this developmental process on its head by:
A. Bringing physical immobility and dependence, rather than independence
B. Leading to isolation from peers rather than forging new relationships
C. Stopping educational progress
D. Preventing independent work
E. A, B, and C
35. Which of the following is true about gay and lesbian parented families?
A. The parenting repertoire of homosexual parents is constricted
B. The psychological health of children suffers
C. A child’s sexual orientation is influenced
D. Gay and lesbian families are more likely to divorce
E. None of the above
36. ALL of the following environmental factors appear to be associated with risk for language delay EXCEPT:
A. Later birth order
B. Lower SES
C. Neglectful home environment
D. Recurrent otitis media
E. Smaller family size
37. Early manifestations of developmental difficulties are apparent in children who subsequently develop borderline personality disorder. These may include ALL of the following EXCEPT:
A. Difficult temperament
B. High activity levels
C. Poor adaptability
D. Oddness of speech
E. Hard to soothe
38. The recommendations for prevention of pediatric obesity by the American Academy of Pediatrics include ALL of the following EXCEPT:
A. Calculate and plot body mass index once a year in all children and adolescents
B. Introduce low fat formulas for at risk infants
C. Recommend limitation of television and video time to a maximum of 2 hours per day
D. Routinely promote physical activity
E. Recognize and monitor changes in obesity-associated risk factors for adult chronic disease
39. G. Stanley Hall, a pioneer psychologist in the late nineteenth century, engaged in a variety of investigations into child development and psychology, and was known for using what method to collect data?
A. Serum samples
B. EEG
C. Hypnosis
D. Questionnaires
E. Focus groups
40. An expert witness who testifies in court is:
A. The clinician who has had the most clinical contact in a case
B. A witness with at least 3 years experience after board certification
C. Recognized in her field for her expertise
D. Permitted to testify about conclusions or opinions
E. Usually an employee of an academic center
41. True or False: SSRI discontinuation syndrome is characterized by increased suicidal ideation in children and adolescents.
A. True
B. False
42. Which of the following is the most common problem that emerges for parents of children with childhood cancer?
A. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
B. Alcohol abuse
C. Brief psychotic disorder
D. Somatization disorder
E. Factitious disorder by proxy (Munchhausen’s syndrome)
43. Based on studies of Romanian children, significant reduction of inhibited behaviors in children with reactive attachment disorder was a response to which of the following?
A. Recreational therapies
B. High staff-to-children ratio in institutions
C. Enrollment in special education
D. Foster care placement
E. Psychopharmacology
44. Which of the following terms best describes the study of “what a drug does to the body”?
A. Pharmacology
B. Pharmacokinetics
C. Pharmacodynamics
D. Psychopharmacology
E. None of the above
45. Which of the following is an approach used to treat substance use in adolescents?
A. Motivational interviewing
B. CBT, individual and group
C. Multisystemic therapy
D. Community reinforcement therapy
E. All of the above
46. In interpersonal psychotherapy with depressed adolescents (IPT-A), a termination date is set with the adolescent and family at the beginning of treatment, and the adolescent is reminded of the number of weeks remaining until the end of treatment. What is the time frame chosen for clinical trials assessing the efficacy of IPT-A?
A. 20 weeks
B. 16 weeks
C. 12 weeks
D. 6 weeks
E. 1 week
47. True or False: The addition of valproate can significantly elevate lamotrigine levels in the body.
A. True
B. False
48. What proportion of youth in the United States pursues college or postgraduate studies after high school?
A. Under 20%
B. 40%
C. Over 60%
D. 100%
49. When determining a child’s baseline level of communicative functioning, standardized tests that focus narrowly on specific areas of function rather than broadbased batteries are used. ALL of the following are examples of standardized tests for focused assessment EXCEPT:
A. Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—3rd edition
B. Oral and Written Language Scales
C. Test of Narrative Language
D. Test of Pragmatic Language
E. Test of Written Language
50. The incidence rate is calculated as follows:
A. Number of new onsets of disease divided by sum of observation time across individuals
B. Number of new onsets of disease divided by sum of individuals
C. Number of individuals with disease divided by sum of individuals
D. Number of new onsets of disease divided by sum of observation time multiplied by number of individuals
E. None of the above
51. Complete the following statement. Puberty in girls…
A. begins on average at 11 to 13 years of age
B. begins after puberty in boys
C. takes approximately 1 to 2 years from start to finish
D. begins approximately 2 years earlier than the average onset for boys
52. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for childhood onset schizophrenia?
A. Advanced paternal age
B. Familial schizophrenia spectrum disorders
C. Familial neurocognitive deficits
D. Familial pervasive developmental disorders
E. Familial mood disorder
53. The process whereby schools send children to the emergency room for evaluation to obtain psychiatric clearance is commonly known as:
A. Proactive evaluation
B. Help our Students 9-1-1
C. Meeting the standard of care
D. Let’s All Be Safe, Not Sorry
E. Zero tolerance
54. True or False: The amount of talk that caregivers direct toward their young children is associated with vocabulary growth and preliteracy skills.
A. True
B. False
55. True or False: Only females are affected by Rett’s disorder.
A. True
B. False
56. The literature supports most which treatment for selective mutism?
A. Anxiolytic medications
B. Behavioral modification approaches
C. CBT
D. Psychodynamic therapy
E. Speech therapy
57. OCD probands have a family history of:
A. Tics
B. OCD
C. Other anxiety disorders
D. Tourette’s disorder
E. All of the above
58. Which of the following describes the hypothesized mechanism of action of amphetamines?
A. Targets norepinephrine receptors in the striatum
B. Promotes the release of serotonin in the prefrontal cortex
C. Selectively promotes the release of newly synthesized dopamine while also blocking dopamine reuptake at the transporter
D. Promotes the release of stored dopamine and blocks the return of dopamine at presynaptic dopamine transporter sites
E. Selectively prevents the reuptake of serotonin by the serotonin transporter
59. A study in which the unit of observation is the group rather than the individual is known as:
A. Cohort
B. Case-control
C. Ecological
D. Cross-sectional
60. Internalized homophobia in gay youth functions as a defense mechanism and results from the ego’s struggle between rules and desires. It is comprised of a number of defense methods. These include ALL of the following EXCEPT:
A. Rationalization
B. Denial
C. Projection
D. Identification with the aggressor
E. Splitting
61. Which of the following is TRUE for the severity of hearing impairment?
A. Mild hearing impairment: <40 dB in the better ear
B. Moderate hearing impairment: <70 dB in the better ear
C. Severe hearing impairment: <95 dB in the better ear
D. Profound hearing impairment: >96 dB in the better ear
E. All of the above
62. Which of the following statements describes what clinical assessments of infants and toddlers CANNOT provide?
A. A measure of fixed intelligence
B. A trajectory for future development
C. A window on future adjustment
D. Potential causal factors for presenting symptoms
E. All of the above
63. True or False: Tricyclic antidepressants can have a dose-dependent adverse effect on cardiac conduction.
A. True
B. False
64. In the process of informed consent which of the following should be discussed with the patient?
A. The nature and condition that requires treatment
B. The nature, purpose, and benefits of the proposed treatment and the probability that it will succeed
C. The risks and consequences of each of the following: the proposed treatment, the alternative treatments, and no treatment
D. The prognosis with and without the proposed treatment
E. All of the above
65. True or False: The agreement on childhood psychopathology between different informants is notoriously low and is only moderate at best.
A. True
B. False
66. Children, as a class of persons, lack the legal capacity for consent, so other means should be taken to show respect for children in place of consent, which includes which TWO of the following?
A. Capacity
B. Permission
C. Comprehension
D. Assent
E. Informed
67. The New Beginnings Program is an example of:
A. A universal preventive intervention targeting children at risk for substance use
B. A selective preventive intervention targeting children whose parents had divorced
C. Ali G’s New Year’s resolution
D. A universal preventive intervention targeting children entering high school
E. None of the above
68. True or False: The biopsychosocial model of formulation offers very little guidance on how to integrate three conceptually different areas of a patient’s life other than citing them together in the formulation.
A. True
B. False
69. The incidence of childhood stuttering is highest between a child’s:
A. Day of birth and second birthday
B. Second birthday and fourth birthday
C. Fourth birthday and sixth birthday
D. Sixth birthday and eighth birthday
E. Eighth birthday and tenth birthday
70. ALL of the following are psychosocial strategies in making aggressive behavior in children ineffective by changing the consequences of the behavior EXCEPT:
A. Behavior does not reap positive outcomes
B. Incentivize alternatives
C. Behavior does not visibly rile adults
D. Reduce provocation and frustration
E. Negative consequences for problem behavior
71. True or False: Placement of a child in multiple foster care homes may result in major behavioral symptoms.
A. True
B. False
72. What is number of children in the United States living in a single-parent family?
A. 1 in 2
B. 1 in 3
C. 1 in 4
D. 1 in 5
E. 1 in 10
73. In twin studies of anorexia nervosa, the following has been found:
A. Monozygotic concordance rates are higher than dizygotic concordance rates
B. Monozygotic concordance rates are equal to dizygotic concordance rates
C. Monozygotic concordance rates are lower than dizygotic concordance rates
D. Monozygotic concordance rates are equal to nontwin sibling concordance rates
74. Which of the following matches the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) diagnostic criteria for encopresis?
A. The repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places once a week for at least 1 month
B. The repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places once a week for at least 3 months
C. The repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places once a month for at least 3 months
D. None of the above
75. Between 1960 and 2000 the prevalence of being overweight among children ages 6 to 11 increased by:
A. No change
B. Two-fold
C. Four-fold
D. Ten-fold
E. Twenty-fold
76. What is the approximate ratio of suicidal ideation to completed suicide in adolescents?
A. 2,000:1
B. 1,000:1
C. 500:1
D. 100:1
E. 50:1
77. In the 1950s, Money and colleagues’ research on children with physical intersex conditions showed that a key milestone in gender identity formation was between:
A. 9 and 18 months of age
B. 9 and 24 months of age
C. 18 and 36 months of age
D. 24 and 36 months of age
E. 36 and 48 months of age
78. Which of the following is most important to address when working with a child and her family when the child has sleep difficulties?
A. Her comfort
B. Her security
C. Her regularity of sleep habits
D. Protection from overstimulation
E. All of the above
79. A child entering first grade should be able to do ALL of the following EXCEPT:
A. Draw a detailed person with body, arms, legs, hands, and feet
B. Recite the alphabet
C. Define right and wrong in terms of punishment and pain
D. Participate in family rituals and routines around meals and bedtimes
E. Count beyond 20
80. Reduction of tic severity in Tourette’s disorder usually ends by what age?
A. Age 10
B. Early 20s
C. Middle age
D. Late 50s
E. Tic severity is chronic
81. True or False: Transference refers specifically to intrapsychic conflicts stirred in the therapist by the patient.
A. True
B. False
82. Acidic drugs in the general circulation, when bound to plasma protein, bind to which molecule?
A. Very low-density lipoproteins
B. Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein
C. Platelets
D. Albumin
E. High-density lipoprotein
83. True or False: The level of agreement (measured by the kappa statistic) between parents and children in rating their psychiatric symptoms has been found to be high, greater than 0.75.
A. True
B. False
84. What does the acronym PANDAS stand for?
A. Pediatric Anatomic Neurologic Disorders Associated with Streptococci infection
B. Psychiatric Anatomic Neurologic Disorders Associated with Streptococci infection
C. Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcal infection
D. Psychiatric Autoimmune Neuroanatomical Disorders Associated with Streptococci infection
E. Black and white bears native to central-western and southwestern China
85. True or False: Standard deviation is the most common measure of variability for nominal or categorical data.
A. True
B. False
86. Which of the following is the BEST definition of a fiduciary relationship?
A. A relationship composed of a financial transaction for services provided
B. A relationship in which one receives the trust of another person and is under duty to act for the benefit of that person
C. A relationship with a contractual basis
D. A relationship involving legal services
87. True or False: The rehabilitative approach to the treatment of pediatric somatoform illness encourages the patient to rest from usual activities until symptomatic relief is first provided.
A. True
B. False
88. True or False: Guanfacine has a longer half-life than clonidine.
A. True
B. False
89. True or False: A 21-year longitudinal study of a community sample followed from childhood to late adolescence or early adulthood reported that risk of suicidal behavior in late adolescence and early adulthood was related to severe family adversity.
A. True
B. False
90. True or False: Infants and toddlers account for the largest increase in the use of childcare services in the past 15 years or so.
A. True
B. False
91. In the 1950s and 1960s, efforts to treat children who had autism included:
A. Insulin coma
B. Cold sheet packs
C. Child and parent psychotherapy
D. Chlorpromazine
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