Upbeat Nystagmus: Wernicke Encephalopathy
OBJECTIVES
To describe a case of upbeat nystagmus and associated manifestations.
To discuss the relatively small differential diagnosis of upbeat nystagmus.
To discuss the treatment strategy for Wernicke encephalopathy.
To caution against the delayed diagnosis of Wernicke encephalopathy.
VIGNETTE
This 33-year-old woman was admitted to the psychiatry ward with a combination of abnormal behaviors (“little girl” speech, screaming, and amnesia) and what was referred
as “bizarre” ataxia. She had had intractable vomiting for approximately 3 weeks prior to her admission, reportedly triggered by a remorseful confession to her husband of an extramarital affair. She complained of feeling that “the ground is moving.”
as “bizarre” ataxia. She had had intractable vomiting for approximately 3 weeks prior to her admission, reportedly triggered by a remorseful confession to her husband of an extramarital affair. She complained of feeling that “the ground is moving.”
CASE SUMMARY
Our patient had a combination of unusual features, which were suggestive of a psychogenic etiology to the admitting physician. Of her symptoms, however, the “moving ground” was the most important because it led to the careful oculomotor characterization, which disclosed upbeat nystagmus. She also had a wide-based gait that in no way showed the “bizarre” features it had been attributed, which justified a delayed neurologic evaluation as outpatient after discharge, preventing prompt diagnosis and initiation of therapy.