Fig. 17.1. Left orbicular area after removal of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, lateral view, left side.Fig. 17.2. Dissection of the superior part of the face, lateral view, left side.The orbicularis oculi muscle has been retracted anteriorly.Fig. 17.3. Left orbit, lateral view.The lateral wall of the orbit has been removed. Fig. 17.4. Left orbit, lateral view.The lateral orbital wall, periorbita, and fat have been removed and the lateral rectus muscle elevated.Fig. 17.5. Left orbit, lateral view.The lateral rectus muscle has been retracted inferiorly to expose the optic nerve. Fig. 17.6. The orbit in continuity with the middle cranial fossa, lateral view, left side.The brain has been removed. Fig. 17.7. Left orbit and cranial base, inferior view.The inferior and medial walls of the orbit have been removed and the intraorbital contents exposed. Fig. 17.8. Right orbit, inferior view.The inferior and medial walls of the orbit have been removed. Fig. 17.9. Right orbit, inferior view.The inferior and medial rectus muscles have been retracted to expose the ophthalmic artery and its branches. The central retinal artery enters the inferior surface of the optic nerve. Fig. 17.10. Right orbit, inferior view.The inferior rectus muscle has been retracted laterally to expose the central retinal artery and branch of the oculomotor nerve to the medial rectus muscle. Fig. 17.11. Right orbit, inferior view.The inferior rectus muscle has been retracted medially. Fig. 17.12. Anterior cranial fossa, superior view.The right orbital roof has been removed and the periorbita opened. The roof of the frontal sinus, ethmoidal cells, and sphenoidal sinus have been opened on the right side. Fig. 17.13. Orbit and middle cranial fossa, superior view, right side.The middle fossa floor has been opened to expose the structures in the infratemporal fossa. Fig. 17.14. Orbit and middle cranial fossa, superior view, right side.The levator palpebrae superioris muscle has been retracted medially. Fig. 17.15. Right orbital apex, superior view.The frontal nerve, the trochlear nerve, and the superior rectus muscle have been retracted medially. Fig. 17.16. Right orbital apex, lateral view.The frontal nerve, the trochlear nerve, and the superior rectus muscle have been retracted superiorly. Fig. 17.17. Right orbit superior view.The levator palpebrae superioris and the superior rectus muscle have been retracted medially. Fig. 17.18. Medial part of the right orbit and adjacent paranasal sinuses, superior view.The roof of the ethmoid, frontal, and sphenoidal sinuses has been removed, and the ethmoidal arteries exposed. Fig. 17.19. Right orbit, superior view of the posterior portion.The optic and nasociliary nerves have been retracted medially to expose the ophthalmic artery and the inferior branch of the oculomotor nerve. Fig. 17.20. Right orbit, superior view.The extraocular muscles have been divided near the eyeball and retracted posteriorly. Fig. 17.21. Right orbit, superior view of the posterior portion.The extraocular muscles have been divided near the eyeball and retracted posteriorly. Fig. 17.22. Right orbit and cranial base, superior view.The extraocular muscles have been divided near the eyeball and retracted posteriorly. A segment of the intraorbital part of the optic nerve and the right half of the optic chiasm have been removed.
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