Fig. 26.1. Enlarged view of the left jugular foramen.The internal jugular vein has been removed. Fig. 26.2. Posterolateral view of the left side of the head and neck.The zygomatic arch and the ramus of the mandible have been resected. The brain, brainstem, and spinal cord are exposed. Fig. 26.3. Lateral view of the midbrain and upper part of the pons on the left side.Note the course of cranial nerves III to VI. Fig. 26.4. Overview of the brainstem, spinal cord, and posterior fossa, posterior view.The external ear and part of the temporal bone on the left side have been removed. Fig. 26.5. Brainstem and spinal cord, posterior view.Note the course of cranial nerves IX to XI in the jugular foramen on the left side. The vertebral artery has been retracted inferiorly on the left side to expose the lateral atlantoaxial joint. Fig. 26.6. Left posterolateral view of the same dissection in Fig. 26.4.Fig. 26.7. Posterolateral view of the left carotid artery and lower cranial nerves.Fig. 26.8. Superior view of the anterior cranial base.The bone over the ethmoidal sinuses and the orbit has been removed. The ethmoidal cells have been opened and the orbital fat has been removed on the left side. The mucosa of the sinuses and the orbital fat have been partially preserved on the right side. Fig. 26.9. Cranial base and midbrain, posterior superior view.Fig. 26.10. Superior view of the anterior part of the midbrain and dorsum sellae.Note the origin of the trigeminal and oculomotor nerves. Fig. 26.11. Superior view of the midbrain, middle cranial base, and part of the anterior cranial base.The middle cranial fossa floor has been removed on the left side, and the semicircular canals and internal and external acoustic meatus have been exposed. The dura mater of the right middle cranial fossa has been removed, and the semicircular canals and cochlea are exposed. Fig. 26.12. Middle cranial fossa and midbrain, lateral view, right side.The right cavernous sinus and trigeminal nerve have been exposed. Fig. 26.13. Middle cranial fossa and midbrain, anterolateral view, right side.The right cavernous sinus and trigeminal nerve have been exposed. The semicircular canals, auditory ossicles, and internal and external acoustic meatus have been exposed. The anterior semicircular canal in International Terminology is also known as superior semicircular canal. Fig. 26.14. Face and cranial base, lateral view, left side.The cranial nerves have been exposed intra- and extracranially. The middle cranial fossa floor, the lateral wall of the orbit, and the ramus of the mandible have been removed. Fig. 26.15. Face and cranial base, lateral view, left side.Enlarged view of the dissection in Fig. 26.14. The maxillary artery has been retracted anteriorly. Fig. 26.16. Face and cranial base, lateral view, left side.The left maxillary and sphenoidal sinuses have been opened. The superior rectus muscle has been retracted superiorly. Fig. 26.17. Face and cranial base, superolateral view, left side.The ophthalmic nerve has been retracted inferiorly on the left side to fully expose the abducens nerve.
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