The vermis receives input from the spinal cord. It is important in the control of the muscle tone and axial limb movement, maintaining posture of the antigravity muscles. The cerebellar hemispheres receive input from the brain through the pontine nuclei. These areas are responsible for the non-motor functions of the cerebellum such as cognition, language and emotion processing, and modulation. The flocculonodular lobe is heavily connected with the vestibular nuclei and brainstem nuclei for the important head and eye movement coordination.

The complex anatomy of the cerebellum has been categorized in many different ways. From the literature, two separate but similar naming systems have become more prominent than the others, specifically, those of Ito [1] and Larsell [2]. A comparison of these nomenclatures is presented in Tables 7.2, 7.3, and 7.4.