|
Neuromuscular disorders (weakness prominent) |
Central disorders with abnormal neurologic signs or peripheral disorders (little or no weakness) |
|---|
Neonate |
Infantile spinal muscular atrophy
Congenital myotonic dystrophy
Neonatal myasthenia gravis
Congenital myopathiesa,b
Metabolic myopathiesc
Congenital muscular dystrophies |
Perinatal asphyxia
Cerebral hemorrhage
Sepsis
Intoxication
Spinal cord injury or malformation
Failure-to-thrive syndromes
Congenital hypothyroidism
Neurotransmitter disorders
Down syndrome
Prader-Willi syndrome
Other dysgenetic syndromes |
Age 1–6 months (or later) |
Infantile spinal muscular atrophy
Infantile Guillain-Barré syndrome or other neuropathies
Congenital myasthenic syndromesd
Botulism |
Metabolic cerebral degenerationse
Connective tissue disordersf
Metabolic and endocrine diseasesg
Hypotonic cerebral palsy
Benign congenital hypotonia |
a Spinal muscular atrophy and congenital myopathies are more likely to become symptomatic after the neonatal period. |
b Congenital myopathies include those characterized by specific histochemical abnormality (nemaline, central cores, myotubules and other structures). |
c Metabolic myopathies include infantile acid maltase deficiency (Pompe disease), mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome and benign and fatal infantile cytochrome C oxidase deficiency. |
d Congenital myasthenic syndromes do not usually cause symptoms, in infants, other than ophthalmoplegia. |
e Leukodystrophies, lipid storage diseases, peroxisomal diseases, mucopolysaccharidosis, aminoacidurias, Leigh syndrome. |
f Congenital laxity of ligaments, Ehler-Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome. |
g Organic acidemia, hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia, hypothyroidism, renal tubular acidosis. |
