•  Lateral fluoroscopic visualization is essential to confirm the appropriate level.

•  The incision is typically made 4 cm lateral to the midline. The tube is docked onto the lateral aspect of the pars interarticularis and the inferior transverse process.

•  The tube is docked lateral to the L4–L5 facet joint.

•  The intertransverse septum is exposed and is detached from the inferior transverse process with a curved curette.

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