Pathophysiology and Management of Cerebral Vasospasm after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Figure 72.1 Management of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Columbia University Protocol.

References

1. Suarez JI, Tarr RW, Selman WR. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 387-96

2. Kiyohara Y, Ueda K, Hasuo Y, et al. Incidence and prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage in a Japanese rural community. Stroke 1989; 20: 1150-5

3. Sarti C, Tuomilehto J, Sivenius J, et al. Epidemiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage in Finland from 1983 to 1985. Stroke 1991; 22: 848-53

4. Broderick JP, Brott TG, Duldner JE. Initial and recurrent bleeding are the major causes of death following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 1994; 25: 1342-7

5. Wartenberg KE, Schmidt JM, Claassen J, et al. Impact of medical complications on outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Crit Care Med 2006; 34: 617-23

6. Claassen J, Bernardini GL, Kreiter K, et al. Effect of cisternal and ventricular blood on risk of delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage: the Fisher scale revisited. Stroke 2001; 32: 2012-20

7. Ecker A, Riemenschneider PA. Arteriographic demonstration of spasm of the intracranial arteries, with special reference to saccular arterial aneurysms. J Neurosurg 1951; 8: 660-7

8. Weir B, Grace M, Hansen J, et al. Time course of vasospasm in man. J Neurosurg 1978; 48: 173-8

9. Pluta RM, Hansen-Schwartz J, Dreier J, et al. Cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage: time for a new world of thought. Neurol Res 2009; 31: 151-8

10. Solomon RA, Fink ME, Lennihan, L. Prophylactic volume expansion therapy for the prevention of delayed cerebral ischemia after early aneurysm surgery. Results of a preliminary trial. Arch Neurol 1988; 45: 325-32

11. Murray GD. Surgical bleeding and calcium antagonists. British aneurysm nimodipine trial reported improved clinical outcome with nimodipine. BMJ 1995; 311: 388-9

12. Tettenborn D, Dycka J. Prevention and treatment of delayed ischemic dysfunction in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke, 1990; 21(12 Suppl): IV85-9

13. Flamm ES, Adams HP Jr, Beck DW, et al. Dose-escalation study of intravenous nicardipine in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 1988; 68: 393-400

14. Haley EC Jr, Kassell NF, Torner JC, et al. A randomized trial of nicardipine in subarachnoid hemorrhage: angiographic and transcranial Doppler ultrasound results. A report of the Cooperative Aneurysm Study. J Neurosurg 1993; 78: 548-53

15. Haley EC Jr, Kassell NF, Torner JC, et al. A randomized controlled trial of high-dose intravenous nicardipine in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A report of the Cooperative Aneurysm Study. J Neurosurg 1993; 78: 537-47

16. Haley EC Jr, Kassell NF, Torner JC, et al. A randomized trial of two doses of nicardipine in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A report of the Cooperative Aneurysm Study. J Neurosurg 1994; 80: 788-96

17. Kasuya H, Onda H, Takeshita M, et al. Efficacy and safety of nicardipine prolonged-release implants for preventing vasospasm in humans. Stroke 2002; 33: 1011-5

18. Kasuya H, Onda H, Sasahara A, et al. Application of nicardipine prolonged-release implants: analysis of 97 consecutive patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 2005; 56: 895-902; discussion 895-902

19. Rosenwasser RH, Armonda RA, Thomas JE, et al. Therapeutic modalities for the management of cerebral vasospasm: timing of endovascular options. Neurosurgery 1999; 44: 975-9; discussion 79-80

20. Klimo P Jr, Kestle JR, MacDonald JD, et al. Marked reduction of cerebral vasospasm with lumbar drainage of cerebrospinal fluid after subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 2004; 100: 215-24

21. Andaluz N, Zuccarello M. Fenestration of the lamina terminalis as a valuable adjunct in aneurysm surgery. Neurosurgery 2004; 55: 1050-9

22. Lynch JR, Wang H, McGirt MJ, et al. Simvastatin reduces vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: results of a pilot randomized clinical trial. Stroke 2005; 36: 2024-6

23. McGirt MJ, Pradilla G, Legnani FG, et al. Systemic administration of simvastatin after the onset of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage attenuates cerebral vasospasm. Neurosurgery 2006; 58: 945-51; discussion 45-51

24. Tseng MY, et al. Effects of acute treatment with pravastatin on cerebral vasospasm, autoregulation, and delayed ischemic deficits after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a phase II randomized placebo-controlled trial. Stroke 2005; 36: 1627-32

25. Vajkoczy P, Meyer B, Weidauer S, et al. Clazosentan (AXV-034343), a selective endothelin A receptor antagonist, in the prevention of cerebral vasospasm following severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase IIa study. J Neurosurg 2005; 103: 9-17

26. Komotar RJ, Schmidt JM, Starke RM, et al. Resuscitation and critical care of poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 2009; 64: 397-410; discussion 10-1

Only gold members can continue reading. Log In or Register to continue