Preservation of the Olfactory Tract in Bifrontal Craniotomy



Fig. 14.1
Case 4. Surgical view of the marked line to be incised



A141673_2_En_14_Fig2_HTML.jpg


Fig. 14.2
Case 4. Surgical view under magnification showing the retraction of the frontal poles


The interhemispheric and the bilateral olfactory cisternae are opened in order to drain the CSF and to avoid further retraction. Both olfactory nerves should be dissected symmetrically without coagulation under small bleedings. Surgicel® is enough to stop the small bleedings mainly near the crivous plate of the ethmoidal bone. After that, the surgical overview could better show the image of both olfactory nerves and both optic nerves composing a groove enlarged by the tumor. The pseudocapsula of the tumor can be seen through this groove, and the dissection between the carotid artery and the pseudocapsula should be performed on both sides. Following this step, a debulking of the tumor should be done, and a piecemeal resection is recommended. The ultrasonic aspirator may be used with extreme caution. The retraction of bilateral frontal poles should never be strong enough to hurt the pia mater and cause damage to the brain parenchyma [1, 2].



14.3 Patient Population


The surgical technique described was applied in the treatment of the 11 patients, as shown in Table 14.1. Of the 11 patients, 5 were female and 6 were male, with a mean age of 37.7 years (range, 5–63 years). Histological examination revealed four adenomas (Figs. 14.3, 14.4, 14.5, 14.6, and 14.7), two craniopharyngiomas (Figs. 14.8 and 14.9), one glioblastoma, one anaplastic glioma, one meningioma, one Rathke cyst, and one schwannoma. The symptoms at admission were typical for each pathological condition, and the lesions were totally removed by using a bilateral subfrontal approach. All these patients were preoperatively evaluated with magnetic resonance and tomography. We evaluated prospectively the clinical findings at the presentation, operative treatment, and outcome of each patient.


Table 14.1
Clinical data for 11 patients with preservation of olfactory tract

















































































Case

Gender

Age (years)

Location

Pathology

1

M

24

Left frontal fossa

Intracerebral schwarnoma

2

F

54

Sellar and parasellar

GH pituitary adenoma

3

F

35

Left frontal fossa

Anaplasic glioma

4

M

30

Sellar and parasellar

Craniopharyngioma

5

M

35

Sellar and parasellar

Non functionant pituitary adenoma

6

M

36

Tubercle sellar

Meningioma

7

M

20

Sellar and parasellar

Craniopharyngioma

8

M

5

Sellar and parasellar

Rathke cyst

9

F

61

Sellar and parasellar

Non functionant pituitary adenoma

10

F

63

Hypothalamus

GBM

11

F

52

Sellar and parasellar

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Dec 16, 2016 | Posted by in NEUROLOGY | Comments Off on Preservation of the Olfactory Tract in Bifrontal Craniotomy

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