Abstract

Many neuromodulation devices used to treat disease and injury are “open-loop” in nature and lack sensing and the algorithms required to automatically adjust or provide stimulation based on a measured input. This chapter describes new sensing, neural decoding, and closed-loop technologies that can provide responsive or adaptive stimulation. Furthermore, neural signals in the human brain, and in the peripheral nervous system , carry a tremendous amount of information regarding current health status and can be used for diagnostic purposes. Current and potential neural sensing/decoding methods that could be used for advanced and real-time diagnostics are also discussed.