Neupsy Key

Viral Hepatitis Type Transmission Risk Factors Serologies Hepatitis A Fecal-oral Contaminated food and water Children and caregivers in daycare centers Acute IgM anti-HAV+ Chronic N/A Recovered/latent IgG anti-HAV+ Vaccinated IgG…

Fever Differential Diagnosis of Fever Infection Bacterial Meningitis, upper/lower respiratory infections (e.g., pneumonia, tuberculosis), endocarditis, cholecystitis, appendicitis, cellulitis, diverticulitis, upper and lower genitourinary infections Viral Common cold, HIV, mononucleosis, hepatitis…

Falls Potential causes Acute medical Myocardial infarction Arrhythmias Stroke Seizures Hypotension (rule out gastrointestinal bleed, sepsis, dehydration, drug-induced orthostasis, myocardial infarction) Chronic medical Electrolyte abnormalities Metabolic disorders Vasovagal attacks Psychiatric…

Emergency Contraception General Considerations Medicolegal considerations include ensuring adequate and detailed informed consent, presence of capacity to make medical decisions, and multidisciplinary management of victims recently sexually assaulted. Review applicable…

Electrolyte Disturbances Electrolyte Etiology ClinicalFeatures Management Hypernatremia Hypovolemic   Renal     Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus     Renal tubular dysfuntion     Medications (e.g., thiazide, loop diuretics)     Osmotic diuresis, including diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state   Nonrenal     Gastrointestinal…

Dyspnea/Shortness of Breath Differential Diagnosis of Dyspnea Cardiovascular Congestive cardiac failure Acute myocardial infarction Cardiomyopathy Pericarditis Pulmonary Upper airway obstruction Asthma Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Pleuritis Pneumonia Pulmonary embolism Pneumothorax…

Dyspepsia General Considerations Dyspepsia—pain or discomfort centered in the upper abdomen. Etiologies include food and/or drug intolerance, peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis, pancreatic disease, biliary tract…

Diabetes Mellitus General Considerations Normal glucose tolerance is defined by fasting plasma glucose <100 mg/dL. Impaired fasting glucose is defined by fasting plasma glucose 100-125 mg/dL. Impaired glucose tolerance and…

Constipation Etiology Functional Sedentary lifestyle or prolonged immobilization Low-fiber diet Low fluid intake Poor bowel habits, including ignoring the urge to defecate Pregnancy Medications Anticholinergics Antidepressants, particularly tricyclic antidepressants Antipsychotics,…

Chest Pain General Considerations Chest pain may be the first sign of a medical emergency and needs immediate attention. Always evaluate in person and immediately. When called about a patient…