Subaxial Cervical and Upper Thoracic Spine Fractures in the Elderly
29 Subaxial Cervical and Upper Thoracic Spine Fractures in the Elderly Jared T. Lee, Christopher C. Harrod, Andrew P. White KEY POINTS • Elderly patients are at increased risk of…
The Biochemistry of Spinal Implants: Short- and Long-Term Considerations
70 The Biochemistry of Spinal Implants Short- and Long-Term Considerations Shawn Hermenau, Anne Prewett, Ravi Ramachandran KEY POINTS • Biocompatibility of a material is directly related to the host’s response…
Histological Changes in the Aging Spine
3 Histological Changes in the Aging Spine Kiran F. Rajneesh, G. Ty Thaiyananthan, David A. Essig, Wolfgang Rauschning KEY POINTS • The aging spine is predisposed to various disorders, with…
Land Based Rehabilitation and the Aging Spine
17 Land Based Rehabilitation and the Aging Spine Jack Miletic, Avrom Gart KEY POINTS • Review the pathophysiology of the “degenerative cascade” in the aging spine. • Identify appropriate therapeutic…
Tumors of the Cervical Spine
32 Tumors of the Cervical Spine Oren N. Gottfried, Scott L. Parker, Ziya L. Gokaslan KEY POINTS • Spine tumors are divided into those occupying the intramedullary, intradural-extramedullary, and extradural…
Role of Minimally Invasive Cervical Spine Surgery in the Aging Spine
33 Role of Minimally Invasive Cervical Spine Surgery in the Aging Spine Woo-Kyung Kim KEY POINTS • The anatomic and pathophysiologic changes of the aging spine are discussed. • Techniques…
Oral Analgesics for Chronic Low Back Pain in Adults
22 Oral Analgesics for Chronic Low Back Pain in Adults Kathleen Abbott, Amy Folta KEY POINTS • Back pain can impair function and quality of life. • Oral analgesic medication…
Occipital-Cervical and Upper Cervical Spine Fractures
28 Occipital-Cervical and Upper Cervical Spine Fractures Nduka Amankulor, Grahame Gould, Khalid M. Abbed KEY POINTS • Understand occipital-cervical anatomy • Identify injury types, bony and ligamentous, in the occipital-cervical…
Micro- and Nanotechnology and the Aging Spine
67 Micro- and Nanotechnology and the Aging Spine Lisa A. Ferrara Introduction In the United States by the year 2000, approximately 20% of all Americans were older than 65. Twelve…
Lateral XLIF Fusion Techniques
61 Lateral XLIF Fusion Techniques Luiz Pimenta, Etevaldo Coutinho, Jose Carlos Sauri Barraza, Leonardo Oliveira KEY POINTS • Appropriate patient positioning • Retroperitoneal access • Transpsoas access • Disc space…
