Allergic Rhinitis (Allergies) Evaluation Description—inflammatory condition of the nasal mucosa Clinical—pruritus (severe itching), sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal congestion Mechanism—immunoglobulin E (IgE)-associated response to allergens Epidemiology—15% to 20% prevalence Classification Traditional—seasonal…
Acetaminophen (APAP/Tylenol) Overdose Main pathways for acetaminophen (APAP) metabolism in the normal individual: APAP (˜90%) + glucuronide OR sulfate through conjugation → nontoxic metabolites APAP (˜5%) → toxic NAPQI (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine),…
Other Miscellaneous Tests Important to the Psychiatrist a. Magnesium 1.8 to 3.0 mg per dL (panic value: <A onclick="get_content(event,'AB1-M12'); return false;" onmouseover="window.status=this.title; return true;" onmouseout="window.status=''; return true;" title="<0.5 or ”…
Pulse Oximetry The normal reference range for arterial oxygen saturation (Sao2) is 95% to 100%. Pulse oximetry measures the oxygen saturation noninvasively, without the need to get the arterial blood…
Tests for Monitoring Anticoagulant Therapy Prothrombin time (PT) 11 to 15 seconds (panic value: ≥30 seconds) NOTE: Thromboplastin converts prothrombin (factor II) to thrombin. The strength of the thromboplastin used…
Tests for Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes According to American Diabetic Association (ADA) position statement, 1994, the diagnosis of diabetes is made if A patient has the symptoms of diabetes (polyuria,…
Laboratory Tests for Myocardial Infarction Troponin-I (cTnI) <A onclick="get_content(event,'AB1-M12'); return false;" onmouseover="window.status=this.title; return true;" onmouseout="window.status=''; return true;" title="<0.05 ng per mL Creatine kinase MB (CKMB) <A onclick="get_content(event,'AB1-M12'); return false;" onmouseover="window.status=this.title;…
Tests for Syphilis Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test (VDRL) for syphilis can be false positive, and so fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS) is done…
Thyroid Panel Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 0.35 to 5.5 μIU per mL Thyroxine (T4) 4.5 to 12.0 μg per dL (100 mL) 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine (T3) uptake 24% to 39% Free thyroxine index…
