Dysphagia management is multidimensional, including emphasis on oral hygiene. Range-of-motion exercises, oral motor strength, and coordination, including lip, tongue, and jaw and respiratory muscles and vocal cord adduction, are performed…
Broca aphasia is the classic form of frontal lobe language dysfunction with dominant hemisphere lesions. It is characterized by a nonfluent, effortful, slow, and halting speech. This language dysfunction is…
Positioning after stroke is carried out with goals of preventing joint contractures, edema of the paretic extremity, pressure ulcers over bony prominences, and aspiration. The patient can be positioned fully…
Moyamoya. Moyamoya is a progressive occlusive arteriopathy of the distal internal carotid arteries. The idiopathic form, also known as “primary moyamoya” or “moyamoya disease,” occurs more commonly in children of…
The early management of patients with SAH involves an integrated, multidisciplinary team of neurologists, neurosurgeons, neurointerventional physicians, and intensive care unit physicians. Patients should be hospitalized in a stroke unit…
The role of lumbar puncture has declined with the advent of brain imaging. If the CT demonstrates a SAH, there is no need for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination (see Plate…
A SAH usually is a very dramatic event. The cardinal symptom is the cataclysmic onset of an extremely severe headache, often described as absolutely the worst pain the patient has…
Although SAH is the most feared and common clinical presentation of a berry aneurysm, there are other settings wherein an aneurysm may come to medical attention. An asymptomatic lesion may…
For these reasons, it is imperative that patients with cerebellar hemorrhage are assessed at presentation with the specific purpose of determining whether they should be subjected to surgical intervention in…
Saccular (berry) aneurysms are the most common cause of spontaneous SAH. Nonsaccular aneurysms include fusiform (dolichoectatic), dissecting, infectious (mycotic), neoplastic, and post-traumatic lesions. The dolichoectatic and dissecting aneurysms that are…
