How to Determine the Levels of Osteotomy?
Fig. 3.1 A 12-year-old girl with severe kyphoscoliosis. Vertebral column resection was performed at the apex of kyphosis 3.2 Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy Since first being described by Thomasen in 1985,…
Radiology I: X-ray and CT
Fig. 2.1 The White and Punjabi three-dimensional space coordinates system When this happens, in a biomechanical approach [2, 3] the spine can be defined as “unstable” since there is a…
CT-/X-Ray-Guided Technique in Posterior Lumbar Spine Fusion
Fig. 4.1 L4–S1 posterior fixation (PIF) in a patient affected by L5 spondylolisthesis and bilateral peduncular spondylolysis, with bilateral severe L5 sciatica and mild lower limb paresis. Preoperative 2D CT…
CT-/X-Ray-Guided Technique in Sacral Fusion
Fig. 7.1 Axial CT scan (bone window) in a patient with bilateral sacroiliac joint degeneration. CT image clearly depicts indirect sign of sacroiliac instability and degeneration, with intra-articular gas related…
Stability and Instability of the Spine
Fig. 1.1 All structures show differences in mechanical behaviour during loading versus loading with different stress–strain curves. A part of energy which deforms the VB is not quickly available for…
CT/X-Ray-Guided Thermal Ablation in Spinal Facets and Sacroiliac Joint Syndrome Disease
Fig. 6.1 The main nervous supply to the facet joints is from nerves arising from the medial branches of the dorsal rami of the spinal nerves. Articular branches are given…
Anterior and Lateral Approaches to the Lumbar Spine
Fig. 5.1 Standard anterior approach to the lumbar spine via midline laparotomy. The bowel has been rotated out of the peritoneal cavity and is protected on the patient’s abdominal wall…
Radiology II: MRI
Fig. 3.1 A 50-year-old man. (a) Sagittal T2-weighted image of lumbar spine, (b) MR myelography, (c) axial T1-weighted image and (d) axial T2-weighted image of intervertebral disk and facet joints…
Clinical Anatomy of the Lumbosacral Spine
(1) Princeton Spine & Joint Center, Princeton, NJ, USA KeywordsAnatomySpineFacet jointsIntervertebral discsMusclesTendonsLigamentsNerves A chapter on clinical anatomy of the lumbosacral spine in a book like this can be challenging….
Exercises for Lower Back Pain
(1) Princeton Spine & Joint Center, Princeton, NJ, USA Exercise is very important for good spine health. Exercise helps spinal health in a number of ways. Exercise to achieve…
