Odontoid Screw Fixation
Fracture Type Fracture type and the amount of displacement are important factors in selecting a patient for surgery. Type II and “shallow” or rostral type III fractures according to the…
Lateral Mass Screw Fixation of the Subaxial Cervical Spine
Fig. 12.1 Postoperative cervical spine x-rays in the anteroposterior and lateral projections of a C5–7 LMS fixation Fig. 12.2 Intraoperative photograph of a three level LMS fixation of the subaxial…
Posterior Approach to Axis Instability
Fig. 10.1 Traumatic subluxation of the dens in a 3 years old girl. (a) CT Scan reconstruction. (b) Reduction in halo. (c) Halo reduction. (d) Flexo-extension x-ray after halo removal…
Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion with Autologous Bone Graft
Fig. 9.1 Incision and soft tissue dissection. (a) A transverse skin incision extending from the midline to the medial border of the sternocleidomostoid muscle is adequate to expose up to…
Injuries of the Middle and Lower Cervical Spine
Fig. 18.1 Drawing of cross-section at C5 level. Deep cervical fascia is marked in green, pretrachreal fascia with carotid sheath in orange (neurovascular bundle is contained in it) and prevertebral…
Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Cervical Spine
Fig. 2.1 Coupling phenomenon i.e. axial rotation of the spinous processes away from the concave side of the direction of the lateral bending. Arrows just above the head show the…
HA-TCP Augmented Cage-Role on Fusion in Cervical Spine
Where Me is a divalent metal, XO4 a trivalent anion and Y a monovalent anion. Stoichiometric hydroxyapatite is therefore represented by the formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. The stoichiometric HA is characterized by…
Cervical PLDD (Percutaneous Laser Discectomy). Ten Years Experience
Fig. 6.1 Absorption coefficient of water for the different wavelength according to [9] (Additional Refs. [10, 11]) Wavelength (nm) Lasertype α (cm-1) L (cm) 980 Diode 0.473 2.11 1064 Nd:YAG…
Role of Materials in Cervical Spine Fusion
Fig. 13.1 CT scan sagittal view showing C6-C7 somatectomies and tri-cortical iliac strut graft and anterior plating (a). Postoperative posteroanterior X-ray view of the same patient (b) Bone graft in…
Endoscopy in Cervical Spine Surgery
Fig. 7.1 EasyGO-System (Karl Storz Company, Tuttlingen, Germany). (a) Working trocar with insertion for rod-lens (EasyGO®-system, Karl Storz Company, Tuttlingen, Germany). (b) Rod-lens with light source cable and HD-camera. (c)…
