Fig. 1 Complex interactions of the master circadian oscillator in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), neuromodulators (e.g. orexin/hypocretin Ox/Hcrt; monoamines MA), sleep and psychiatric disorders. Circle: master circadian oscillator; Oval: neuromodulators; Snip…
Fig. 1 Pathways transmitting activation from hypothalamic orexin neurons to cardiorespiratory outputs. a One method often used to activate orexin neurons involves local microinjections of GABAA receptor antagonists, such as bicuculline…
Fig. 1 This figure shows occurrence view of STRING analysis for queried genes among different mammals. The following gene viz. Orx, OX1R, OX2R, ADRA1, ADRA2, ADRB1, TH, and DBH, known to…
Fig. 1 Schematic summary showing fiber projections of orexin neurons (top) and afferent pathways to orexin neurons (bottom) in the rodent brain. Nomenclatures: see the list of abbreviations 1.1 Projection within…
Fig. 1 Role of orexin in the regulation of glucose homeodynamics. Daily rhythm of the activation of hypothalamic orexin system is controlled by central biological clock located in suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN),…
Sharf R, Sarhan M, Brayton CE et al (2010) Orexin signaling via the orexin 1 receptor mediates operant responding for food reinforcement. Biol Psychiatry 67:753–760. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.12.035 PubMedCentralPubMed Shirasaka T, Nakazato…
Fig. 1 Orexin and orexin receptors. a Structures of various species of orexin A and orexin B. The topology of the two intrachain disulfide bonds of orexin A is indicated above…
Fig. 1 Representative hypnograms of wild-type, OX1R −/−, OX2R −/− and double receptor deficient mice over 12 h of the dark phase obtained by concatenating 16 s epoch EEG/EMG stage scores. The height…
Buskova J, Klaschka J, Sonka K, Nevsimalova S (2010) Olfactory dysfunction in narcolepsy with and without cataplexy. Sleep Med 11(6):558–561. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.01.009 CrossRefPubMed Caillol M, Aioun J, Baly C, Persuy MA,…
Fig. 1 The first glimpse of the hypocretin system. In situ hybridization of rat coronal section with cDNA isolated in subtractive hybridization study detecting a few thousand neurons in the dorsal-lateral…
