The Role of Inflammation in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Fig. 14.1 Contributions of genetic and environmental factors to alterations in the CNS Animal Models of ASD BTBR Mouse Model Animal models of human conditions allow researchers to directly test…
Immune System Related Markers: Changes in childhood Neuropsychiatry Disorders Cause and Consequence
Fig. 9.1 Immune system and the environmental impact on the brain Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Several studies have evaluated levels of cortisol in children exposed to trauma (Johnson et al. 2013;…
Animal Models Based on Immune Challenge: The Link to Brain Changes and Schizophrenia
Group Brain markers Brain structure Brain genes Behavior nNOS Reelin GFAP Pyramidal cell atrophy Brain atrophy MBP PLP Net-nd P HSCP70 Prepulse inhibition Influenza mouse model Adulthood ↓ ↓ ↑…
Mild Encephalitis Theory of Psychiatric Disorders
Fig. 5.1 CE usually develops within a short time period of hours to days and involves strong neuroinflammatory alterations within CSF spaces and the brain parenchyma. The latter has been…
Immunomodulation as Therapeutic Approach in Schizophrenia and Depression: State of the Art
Authors Diagnosis Course and duration Duration of trial N Study design Concomitant drug COX-2 inhibitor Outcome Zhang et al. (2006) Schizophrenia First manifestation 12 weeks 40 Risperidone (flexible dose) Celecoxib…
Do Antidepressants Exert Effects on the Immune System?
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015Norbert Müller, Aye-Mu Myint and Markus J. Schwarz (eds.)Immunology and PsychiatryCurrent Topics in Neurotoxicity810.1007/978-3-319-13602-8_16 16. Do Antidepressants Exert Effects on the Immune System? Angelos Halaris1 (1) Department of Psychiatry, Loyola University Chicago…
The Role of Inflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease
Component Innate Immune System Adaptive IS Cellular Monocyte, macrophage, granulocyte, NK-cell, γ/δ-cell T- & B-cell Humoral Complement, APP, mannose binding lectin (MBL), neopterin Antibody The view that a decline of…
Role of Autoimmunity and Infections in Tourette Syndrome
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015Norbert Müller, Aye-Mu Myint and Markus J. Schwarz (eds.)Immunology and PsychiatryCurrent Topics in Neurotoxicity810.1007/978-3-319-13602-8_13 13. Role of Autoimmunity and Infections in Tourette Syndrome Pieter J. Hoekstra1 (1) Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,…
Microglia Activation, Herpes Infection, and NMDA Receptor Inhibition: Common Pathways to Psychosis?
Fig. 12.1 Inflammatory pathways to psychosis, adapted from Najjar et al. (2013). In the microglia/astroglia an M2 phenotype is favored, leading to a balance shift to the left in the…
Depression, the Metabolic Syndrome and Neurodegeneration
Fig. 11.1 Summary of main steps in the tryptophan–kynurenine pathway. In depression, the neurodegenerative pathway, leading to the synthesis of the neurotoxins quinolinic and picolinic acids, is increased while the…
