Radiographic Evaluation of Suspected Scoliosis
Fig. 19.1 Adam’s forward bend test is a simple way to evaluate visually for asymmetry prior to obtaining radiographs Curves may be present secondary to a leg length discrepancy which…
Neuro-Ophthalmic Presentation of Neurosurgical Disease in Children
Fig. 12.1 The Frisén scale illustrating increasing grades of papilledema Any patient with papilledema is at risk for vision loss and requires urgent evaluation. Often, papilledema is a sign of…
Pediatric Brain Tumors
Fig. 22.1 (a) Axial brain MRI T1WI with contrast showing an irregularly enhancing posterior fossa fourth ventricular lesion in a child with recurrent ependymoma with spinal metastases. (b) Sagittal T1WI + C…
Lumps and Bumps: Scalp and Skull Lesions
Pathologic category Disorders Congenital Aplasia cutis Atretic encephalocele Dermoid/epidermoid cyst Enlarged biparietal foramina Sinus pericranii Traumatic Caput succedaneum Cephalohematoma Growing skull fracture (leptomeningeal cyst) Vascular Hemangioma Sinus pericranii Arteriovenous fistula/cirsoid…
Chiari Malformation
Fig. 21.1 Nonoperative Chiari 1 case (a). Sagittal T2W MRI image shows a Chiari 1 malformation. CSF flow artifact is evident dorsally to the spinal cord. Note that the spinal…
Neurocutaneous Disorders
An individual with 2 or more of the following signs is considered to have NF1: 1. 6 or more café-au-lait macules (must be greater than 5 mm in greatest diameter…
Cutaneous Markers of Spinal Dysraphism
Fig. 8.1 A 1-day-old infant diagnosed prenatally with open neural tube defect and ventriculomegaly. The lesion is located at the lumbosacral junction and a closer look depicts split placode (arrow…
Pediatric Neurovascular Disease
Fig. 23.1 CT angiogram (a) and 3-dimensional reconstruction (b) showing a giant (2.5 × 2.7 cm) anterior communicating artery aneurysm (arrow). Peripheral thrombus can be seen in the CTA. This aneurysm was…
Birth Trauma to the Scalp and Skull
Fig. 3.1 Lateral skull radiograph in an infant Figure 3.1 represents an example of a/an (a) Cephalohematoma (b) Subgaleal hematoma (c) Epidural hematoma (d) Caput succedaneum …
Neurosurgical Considerations in Macrocephaly
CSF based Blood based Bone based Parenchyma based Hydrocephalus from Hemorrhage Marrow expansion (thalassemia) Megalencephaly (true parenchymal expansion) –Neoplasm –Trauma Hyperphosphatasia –Metabolic dysregulation of storage and degradation –Cysts –Intraventricular hemorrhage…
