Organism Models: Choosing the Right Model
Fig. 1 The translational approach Organism models are used in the second and third stages. The identification of infectious, traumatic, and genetic events causing a disorder is initially done on…
A Digital Collection of Hominoid Endocasts
Plate 10.1 A. africanus: Sts 5 (Sterkfontein, South Africa) Plate 10.2—P. aethiopicus: KNM WT-17000 (West Turkana, Kenya) Plate 10.2 P. aethiopicus: KNM WT-17000 (West Turkana, Kenya) Plate 10.3—P. boisei s.s.: OH 5 (Olduvai Gorge,…
Techniques for Studying Brain Structure and Function
Fig. 9.1 Structural MRI. a MRI scanner. Image credit Jan Ainali, Wikimedia Commons. b T1-weighted MRI scan of human brain (left) and chimpanzee brain (right) Strengths Structural MRI’s main strength is…
Functional Craniology and Brain Evolution
Fig. 4.1 Genes and traits are linked by multiple relationships involving pleiotropy and poligeny. Furthermore, genes and traits have intrinsic patterns of integration and modularity. Finally, both systems are susceptible to…
Computed Tools for Paleoneurology
Fig. 3.1 Natural endocast of the Taung child, an Australopithecus africanus fossil from South Africa. a Photograph of the original specimen. b Computed-tomographic (CT) scan of the original fossil. The frontal…
Human Brain Evolution: Ontogeny and Phylogeny
Fig. 5.1 Hominin brain size evolution. Endocranial volume (EV) in milliliters is plotted against geological age of hominin fossils (mya, million years ago): gracile Australopithecines (green triangles), robust Australopithecines (black triangles),…
Neuroscience and Human Brain Evolution
Fig. 2.1 The lunate sulcus forming the boundary between the parietal and occipital lobes on the left hemisphere of a chimpanzee brain. The location of the lunate sulcus in hominin fossil…
Paleoneurology and Behaviour
Fig. 6.1 A mitogenomic phylogeny of great apes and their species-level hand preference proportions. R = right-handed, L = left-handed. Mio = millions of years. Modified portion of Finstermeier et al. (2013) Fig. 2 (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069504.g002). Creative Commons license…
Neuroarchaeology
Fig. 7.1 Functional neuroanatomy. a Cortical regions discussed in the text. Prefrontal regions adapted from Badre and d’Esposito 2009. b Regions specifically implicated in stone tool-making. Adapted from Stout and Chaminade…
Introduction: Paleoneurology, Resurgent!
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015Emiliano Bruner (ed.)Human PaleoneurologySpringer Series in Bio-/Neuroinformatics310.1007/978-3-319-08500-5_1 1. Introduction: Paleoneurology, Resurgent! Ralph Holloway1 (1) Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA Ralph Holloway Email:…
