Fig. 9.1 Frequency-domain HRV analysis. (a) Time series of R–R intervals in a 31-year-old male subject. The time series was resampled at evenly spaced intervals (2 Hz). (b) The decomposition of…
Fig. 18.1 Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical staining of the epicardial nerve fascicle from controls and patients with PD. In all patients with PD (PD 1, 2, 3, 4),…
Fig. 7.1 Power spectrum of short-term HRV and frequency ranges modulated by sympathetic and vagal heart rate controls. While cardiac vagal control system can modulate heart rate in the entire…
Fig. 3.1 Impact of sympathetic nerve stimulation on hemodynamics in a dog. Random electrical stimulation with an average of 1 Hz enhanced heart rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, and first derivative…
Fig. 17.1 Changes in SBP and peak AFV after infusion of 4 μg/kg/min dobutamine controls and PD patients. (a) The mean change in SBP is significantly greater in the PD group…
Fig. 10.1 Kaplan-Meier survival curves from the Multicenter Post-Infarction Study demonstrating a decreased survival among patients with an SDNN of <50 ms (Reprinted from Kleiger et al. [2] with permission) The…
Control n = 20 De novo PD without OH n = 20 P value BRSII (ms/mmHg) 3.6 ± 2.2 2.7 ± 1.9 ns BRSIV (ms/mmHg) 6.1 ± 4.0 4.0 ± 3.6 ns PhaseII_E (mmHg) 20.5 ± 16.8 21.2 ± 13.6 ns PhaseII_L (mmHg) 14.9 ± 12.7 9.5 ± 8.6…
Fig. 16.1 Representative cardiac 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy findings in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Delayed cardiac MIBG scintigraphy showed significant decreased accumulation of MIBG…
Fig. 13.1 Structural formula of (a) noradrenaline, (b) meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), (c) guanethidine, and (d) bretylium. MIBG was synthesized on the basis of the structural formulas of guanethidine and bretylium 13.2…
Locus Inheritance Gene Cardiac MIBG uptake Lewy bodies PARK1 AD SNCA mutation Reduced + PARK2 AR Parkin Normal − PARK4 AD SNCA multiplication Reduced + PARK6 AR PINK1 Reduced or…
