Nerve Anatomy of the Upper Limbs
Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus The brachial plexus is a complex structure located in the lower half of the lateral neck, extending from the cervical spine to the axilla ( ▶ Fig….
Ultrasound in Peripheral Nerve Surgery
How to Start (Basic Principles) One of the basic principles of US is the fact that high frequency (17–15 MHz; ▶ Fig. 8.1) leads to high resolution but low tissue…
Clinical Aspects of Peripheral Nerve Lesions in the Upper Limb
Musculocutaneous Nerve Transformation of the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus into their terminal branches is M-shaped. The lateral leg of the letter M is the musculocutaneous nerve…
Compressive Lesions of the Upper Limb
Clinical Presentation Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is caused by chronic compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel. 1 Carpal tunnel is built by carpal bones (scaphoid, trapezium, hamate)…
Surgical Anatomy and Approaches to the Nerves of the Lower Limb
Surgical Anatomy and Approaches to the Nerves of the Lower Limb Keywords: lumbar plexus, sacral plexus, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, femoral nerve, sciatic nerve Fernando Martínez and Federico Salle Abstract…
Facial Nerve Palsy: Indications and Techniques of Surgical Repair
A peripheral facial nerve palsy may be the consequence of different clinical problems. This chapter will purposely exclude the congenital cases. They are a very particular subset of these palsies…
Benign Peripheral Nerve Tumors
Types and Nomenclature Different types of PNT can present different characteristics. BPNST are more commonly reported than nonneurogenic masses. 9, 10, 11 In this chapter, we will discuss the subtypes…
Electrodiagnostic Pre-, Intra-, and Postoperative Evaluations
Anatomical Characteristics Axons are extensions of neuronal cell bodies. They transmit nerve impulses and are enveloped by myelin. Myelin is produced by Schwann’s cells (SCs) in the peripheral nervous system…
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors
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Traumatic Brachial Plexus Lesions: Clinical Aspects, Assessment, and Timing of Surgical Repair
Types and Mechanisms of Injury The typical patient with a brachial plexus injury is a young man involved in a motorcycle accident. Although his helmet in many cases saves his…
