Abstract Chondrosarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant cartilage-forming tumors, which are resistant to conventional chemo- and radiotherapy. Consequently, patients presenting with inoperable disease cannot be offered any alternative treatment….
Abstract Chordomas are tumors that arise from the osseous spine and skull base. They are often difficult to manage given their locally destructive behavior and predilection to grow near vascular…
Summary of Key Points • Imaging of acute spine trauma is complementary to clinical examination and must include not only detection of fractures but careful attention to signs of possible…
Summary of Key Points • Surgical positions, incisions, and retractors are reviewed for cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral locations. • Technical details of various surgical approaches are outlined. • Anatomy…
Summary of Key Points • Pediatric spinal deformity can be a complex condition involving and affecting other physiologic systems along with the spine. • Obtaining thorough prenatal and perinatal history,…
Summary of Key Points • Compared to virgin spine operations, reoperations require more extensive exposures. Therefore, the risk of spine instability, neural damage, and infection increases. • Techniques used in…
Summary of Key Points • Cerebrospinal fluid fistulas and pseudomeningoceles are rare complications of spine surgery. • They usually develop shortly after surgery resulting in an increase in postoperative morbidity,…
Summary of Key Points • Postoperative spinal deformity manifests as an inability of the spine to maintain an adequate load-bearing capacity or withstand dynamic forces, which may occur due to…
Summary of Key Points • Spinal orthoses have been used for centuries to augment the structural function of the spine. Advances in orthotic materials, spinal biomechanics, and surgical techniques have…
Summary of Key Points • Arachnoiditis is a nonspecific inflammatory process of the arachnoid layer of the spinal cord or cauda equina. • There are three stages in the progression…
