Neupsy Key

Summary of Key Points • Confounders in clinical investigation are systematic errors that cause a tendency toward erroneous results. The two major forms of bias in retrospective studies are selection…

Summary of Key Points • Back pain is a common complaint seen at least once during the life span in more than two thirds of general population. • Failed back…

Summary of Key Points • Soft tissue and vascular complications related to spine surgery are usually predictable and vary depending on the region being operated on. • Cervical spine surgery–related…

Summary of Key Points • Spine surgery is highly dependent on intraoperative imaging for both localization and assessment purposes. • Plain film radiography and fluoroscopy are the most common imaging…

Summary of Key Points • Pseudarthrosis of the spine is failure of bony fusion; symptoms may include pain, instability, or loss of correction/fixation. • The diagnosis of pseudarthrosis is challenging…

Summary of Key Points • A surgical complication can result in a return for a subsequent operation, longer hospital stay after the initial operation, or an additional need for subsequent…

Summary of Key Points • Wear and wear-related inflammatory reaction is likely to be the cause of the long-term failure of total disc replacements. • Tribology is the science examining…

Summary of Key Points • Imaging is often used to diagnose postoperative problems or to verify that the goal of surgery has been achieved (tumor resection, proper implant placement, establishment…