Lumbar Total Disc Arthroplasty
Summary of Key Points • Lumbar total disc replacement (TDR) has been studied extensively since its initial use in the 1980s in Europe. Results of long-term follow-up studies in Europe…
Trauma Surgery: Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Junction
Summary of Key Points • At the thoracolumbar spine, a long and stiff kyphotic thoracic spine converts abruptly into a mobile lordotic lumbar spine, and this transition zone is susceptible…
Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy
Summary of Key Points • The endoscope provides unique capabilities for visualization in spine surgery. • Numerous applications of the endoscope are available in spine surgery; the least invasive of…
Geriatric Spine
Summary of Key Points • Geriatric patients are the fastest growing segment of the population that may require spine surgery. • The degenerative cascade consists of a slow deterioration of…
Minimally Invasive Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Summary of Key Points • Minimally invasive lumbar fusion is being increasingly performed with A growing list of possible indications. • The goals of minimally invasive surgery are to decrease…
Degenerative Rotatory Scoliosis: Three-Dimensional Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Deformity Correction
Summary of Key Points • Degenerative thoracolumbar scoliosis is the most common etiology of adult spinal deformity and is caused by asymmetric disc degeneration and displacement of anatomic axial load…
Blood Loss Management
Summary of Key Points • Blood transfusion is no longer driven by the old 10/30 hemoglobin/hematocrit rule, and so little as even one unit of homologous blood transfusion has been…
Perioperative Management
Summary of Key Points • The perioperative management of the spine surgery patient is simultaneously straightforward and potentially complex. It is critical to evaluate patients carefully, both before surgery, to…
The Obese Patient
Summary of Key Points • Obesity and the diseases associated with it are preventable. • An estimated 1.4 billion people worldwide are overweight. • About 500 million people worldwide are…
Cervical Coronal Plane Deformities
Summary of Key Points • Cervical scoliosis is a rare condition that is a result of a structural spine deformity, often a congenital anomaly, neuromuscular pathology, neoplasia, traumatic injury, or…
