Cranial Radiosurgery
10.1055/b-0040-176496 7 Cranial RadiosurgeryRyan F. Amidon, Christ Ordookhanian, and Paul E. Kaloostian 7.1 Symptoms and Signs (Broad) Incidental with symptoms (depending on size and location) Headaches progressively increasing in frequency…
6 Spinal Radiosurgery
10.1055/b-0040-176495 6 Spinal RadiosurgeryRyan F. Amidon, Christ Ordookhanian, and Paul E. Kaloostian 6.1 Symptoms and Signs (Broad) Incidental with symptoms (depending on size and location) Moderate/Severe numbness to pain, cold,…
Atlas Section
10.1055/b-0039-167999 9 Lumbar Injection Therapy Pain in the lumbar spine primarily arises in the two inferior lumbar vertebral motor segments, i.e., L4/L5 and L5/S1. One reason why the most marked…
5 Skull Base Craniotomies
10.1055/b-0039-169398 5 Skull Base Craniotomies 5.1 Frontal Craniotomies 5.1.1 BifrontalTorstein R. Meling and Marton König The bifrontal approach was first described by Horsley and Cushing. A bifrontal craniotomy can be…
Atlas Section
10.1055/b-0039-167997 7 Cervical Injection Therapy 7.1 Specialized Cervical Neuroanatomy Chronic cervical pain arises primarily in the lower cervical vertebral motor segments from C5 to T1. One reason for this is…
Atlas Section
10.1055/b-0039-167998 8 Thoracic Injection Therapy Acute and chronic pain in the thoracic spine plays only a minor role compared to that of the cervical and lumbar spine. This applies both…
4 Symptomatic Pain Therapy
10.1055/b-0039-167994 4 Symptomatic Pain Therapy 4.1 Introduction Symptomatic orthopedic pain therapy concentrates on nociception in bones, muscles, tendons, and joints after the pain stimulus has already acted on the body….
