10.1055/b-0040-177058 2 Pediatric Rhinologic ConsiderationsGustavo Almodovar and Vijay K. Anand Abstract The developing sinonasal anatomy in children may differ from the adult patient; therefore, the rhinologist must play an important…
10.1055/b-0040-177059 3 Anesthetic Considerations in Pediatric PatientsAarti Sharma and Jacques H. Scharoun Abstract Anesthesia for children undergoing endoscopic endonasal neurosurgical procedures presents an interesting challenge to the pediatric anesthesiologist. The…
10.1055/b-0034-84464 Suboccipital and Retrosigmoid ApproachesAlbert L. Rhoton, Jr. and Guilherme L. Ribas The suboccipital approaches are directed through the portion of the occipital bone located between the inion and transverse…
10.1055/b-0034-84433 Anatomical Basis of Surgical Approaches to the Region of the Foramen MagnumAlbert L. Rhoton, Jr. and Evandro De Oliveira Lesions in the region of the foramen magnum present special…
10.1055/b-0034-84470 Odontoid Screw FixationCurtis A. Dickman and Volker K. H. Sonntag Anterior screw fixation of the odontoid process is clinically useful for the internal fixation of unstable type II odontoid…
10.1055/b-0034-84467 General Principles of Spinal Wire and Cable FixationCurtis A. Dickman and Volker K. H. Sonntag This chapter reviews the fundamental principles for successful fixation with wires and cables as…
10.1055/b-0034-84473 Craniovertebral Instability: Atlantoaxial Joint Manipulation and FixationAtul Goel Surgical treatment of instability of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) region requires a three-dimensional (3D) understanding of the anatomy, a high degree…
10.1055/b-0034-84462 Bypass Options for the Posterior FossaSepideh Amin-Hanjani and Fady T. Charbel Various extracranial and intracranial bypass options are available for revascularization of the posterior fossa. Although advances in endovascular…
10.1055/b-0034-84471 Posterior Atlantoaxial Screw FixationNicholas C. Bambakidis, David J. Hart, and Curtis A. Dickman Traditionally, atlantoaxial instability has been treated surgically using posterior C1-C2 wiring and bone grafts. However, bone…
10.1055/b-0034-84472 Occipitocervical FixationNicholas C. Bambakidis, David J. Hart, and Curtis A. Dickman A variety of surgical techniques has been described for the treatment of patients with occipitocervical instability. Originally, surgeons…
