Transcranial Approaches to the Orbit
14 Transcranial Approaches to the Orbit Nirmeen Zagzoog, Gmaan A. Alzhrani, Yair M. Gozal, and William T. Couldwell Abstract The transcranial approach is a viable route to reach several lesions…
Transcavernous Approach
23 Transcavernous Approach Carlos Eduardo Prata Fernandes Ferrarez, Sebastião Nataniel Silva Gusmão, and Roberto Leal da Silveira Abstract The region of the anterior upper third of the posterior fossa represents…
Temporal Bone Anatomy
31 Temporal Bone Anatomy Cassius Vinicius Correa dos Reis and Warley Martins Abstract The temporal bone is composed by five portions, and is considered the most complex osseous anatomical structure…
STA-MCA Bypass
49 STA-MCA Bypass Renan M. Lovato, Carlos Eduardo Prata Fernandes Ferrarez, Luis A. B. Borba, and Jean G. de Oliveira Abstract The superficial temporal artery (STA) to middle cerebral artery…
Neurophysiological Monitoring in Skull Base Surgery
3 Neurophysiological Monitoring in Skull Base Surgery Josephine Volovetz, Soumya Sagar, Hamid Borghei-Ravazi, Matthew Cassidy, Pablo F. Recinos, and Varun R. Kshettry Abstract Skull base surgery allows for the treatment…
Endoscopic Approach to the Craniocervical Junction
42 Endoscopic Approach to the Craniocervical Junction Vincent Dodson, Neil Majmundar, Wayne D. Hsueh, Jean Anderson Eloy, and James K. Liu Abstract Endoscopic surgical approaches to the craniocervical junction (CCJ)…
Eyebrow Supraorbital Approach for Skull Base Lesions
18 Eyebrow Supraorbital Approach for Skull Base Lesions Hamid Borghei-Ravazi, Krishna C. Joshi, Varun R. Kshettry, and Pablo F. Recinos Abstract The microscopic and endoscopic eyebrow supraorbital approach offers excellent…
Microsurgical Anatomy of the Cavernous Sinus
22 Microsurgical Anatomy of the Cavernous Sinus Eduardo Carvalhal Ribas and Alexandre Yasuda Abstract The cavernous sinuses are venous structures, located one at each side of the sella turcica, and…
Anterior Petrosal Approach
29 Anterior Petrosal Approach Guilherme Henrique Weiler Ceccato, Gabriel H. Peres, Marcio S. Rassi, Jean G. de Oliveira, and Luis A. B. Borba Abstract Anterior petrosectomy is an extension of…
Anatomy of the Posterior Incisural Space: Endoscopic Perspective
44 Anatomy of the Posterior Incisural Space: Endoscopic Perspective Roberta Rehder and Alan R. Cohen Abstract Direct approaches to the posterior and posterolateral incisural space remain surgical challenges. Endoscope-assisted microsurgery…
