Introduction Despite the availability of many therapeutic strategies, the optimal treatment of depression remains a major challenge. The overall effectiveness of antidepressants remains limited, and in almost 30%–50%, the response…
Introduction Oral irreversible inhibitors of the intracellular enzyme, monoamine oxidase, have been in clinical use for over 60 years. As a group, they constitute the oldest class of antidepressants. The…
Disclosures LCB is a stockholder and former employee of Myriad Genetics, former employee and current consultant to Tempus Labs, Principal Consultant for Great Scott! Consulting, founding member of Pharmacogenetics Research…
Introduction This is an exciting time in the field of psychiatry. The advent of rapid-acting antidepressants (ADs) like ketamine has sparked a paradigm shift in how we think about the…
Introduction An algorithm is a stepwise solution used for problem solving. In medicine, the clinical algorithm, most commonly represented as a flow chart, is used in clinical decision-making processes to…
Introduction Multiple treatment modalities are effective for major depressive disorder (MDD), including medications, certain psychotherapies, and brain stimulation approaches such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)….
Introduction Depression affects more than 264 million people worldwide ( ), making it one of the most prevalent of all medical conditions ( ). The sheer prevalence of depression is…
Introduction Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is common among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD), with over one-third of patients being unable to reach an adequate level of symptomatic improvement after trying…
Introduction Depression has enormous impact on individuals, their families, and society. Fortunately, there are many effective treatments options ( ). However, unfortunately, a significant proportion of patients do not achieve…
Introduction Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional perception that is usually, but not always, the result of underlying tissue pathology. It is often the initial complaint that brings a…
